It's interesting that you bring up Palm Springs. One of my old radio buddies and his family live in Yucca Valley. There lies a trio of cities starting with Yucca Valley, then Joshua Tree, and about 15 miles further is Twentynine Palms and the military base before highway 62 fades into nothingness on its way to Arizona. The closest shopping, fun and civilization center is about 35-40 minutes down the hill where Palm Springs and the other Desert Cities of the Coachella Valley are. Yet, the radio/TV stations from down there don't clearly get in to the three cities. They have a handful of radio stations (and some translators of CV stations) of their own, yet for TV purposes, This valley is considered part of the Los Angeles market and all of the LA stations broadcast from translators there and are on cable there. Palm Springs stations are not represented at all. That bothers my buddy, since they are about 30 road miles from Palm Springs and about 120 road miles from LA. He wishes he had at least one "local" station for news and such. To him, "local" includes the Coachella Valley because it's at least close enough and a lot of the economic trips that can't be made in Yucca Valley, Joshua Tree and 29 Palms (they have one giant Super Walmart and several big retaurant chains, but not all of them and no Target or other big box stores) means that residents must travel to the Coachella Valley (or Apple Valley/Victorville, which I think is considerably farther). There is one radio station licensed to Yucca Valley, 106.9 KDGL, that straddles a mountain between the two valleys and serves both of them, although it focuses more on Palm Springs. I'm surpised there are not more stations up there to serve both areas.
You'd think that the Palm Springs stations would have translators there. Whether the major Los Angeles stations would balk at this, I do not know.
I'm assuming it's Nielsen's privilege to split counties in any way they see fit, to demarcate markets according to actual viewing patterns. Riverside Central occupies a narrow slice of the county, all the way down to the Salton Sea, leaving Riverside West and a very sparsely populated Riverside East, and this provides protection for the Palm Springs stations, the only reason for its existence. Obviously what few viewers there are in Riverside East have to get their LA stations via either cable, satellite, OTT, or translator. The LA market reaches all the way up to Inyo County, and unless something has changed since 2018, Esmeralda County NV. When you don't have any local OTA stations at all, viewers probably prefer large-market stations to those from smaller markets. Something really momentous would have to happen in Bishop or Goldfield before LA news would cover it, but large-market stations tend to have more professionally-presented newscasts as well as a greater selection of independent stations with more diverse programming.
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