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Main Studio Rule...

There has never been the political will or benefit to stand up to the NAB, NRB or Clear Channel.

This is not about standing up to the NAB. It's about how people listen to the radio today and what they want to hear. This is a very changed and shifted paradigm.

THe NRB? Really? You think that the National Religious Broadcasters group has much influence on the issue of localism?

Clear Channel? There has been no Clear Channel for a number of years. It's called iHeart now.

]So yes, it's probably inevitable and there's not much that can be done to convince the agency otherwise with lobbyists and interest groups having the ear of Pai and Reilly.

Several posters have made the point that struggling small broadcasters... owners of stations that no group would really want to own... are those who are most behind eliminating rules like the local studio requirement. The big operators of larger stations are not as affected... if at all... by the requirements.

Why don't you explain to me why the waiver system wouldn't work for this issue, or address the abuse of them on the noncommercial side (with tax exemptions by the way.) It amazes me you seem to think it's not an issue.

A waiver system is costly. It takes the FCC's time, and it is very expensive for smaller local stations. I got my first such COL waiver 43 years ago, and not too much has changed. The costs in legal fees, even for a simple waiver request (usually including some kind of coverage and access documentation) can run in the thousands of dollars. For a group, with in-house counsel, not such a big deal. But for the owner in a town like Show Low, AZ, it is a significant percentage of a whole month's billing.

Unneeded rules in today's media environment only detract from radio's ability to give listeners the product they want.
 
Would anyone who's in support of repealing this rule completely instead of looking at waivers care to justify how a station that sold for 9.5 million got a "hardship waiver" to be operated from 2,000 miles to the west?

And then please explain to us why having this happen in a market of over 1 million listeners is beneficial to them?

EMF would have extreme hardship in providing the service they currently offer if they had to staff and maintain local studios for every one of their stations. The expense would be such that likely half or more of them would be forced to be sold or closed.

While some think that what EMF does is not a true service, listeners disagree. They like the formats EMF offers and the fact that they can have what they perceive to be wholesome entertainment with minimal interruptions. They provide diversity and a quality product that serves the needs of millions of listeners nationally.

It does not matter what was paid for the station or the size of the market. What matters is that EMF can provide its service only using a model that does not include either commercials or local studios and staffs. When taken in the context of the wide variety of formats and enormous number of stations available today it seems that what EMF does is a very valuable service to one segment of the national community.

And one more thought: a "community" does not have to be "local". In this case, it's a national community of Christians who seek a particular kind of music and radio entertainment that meshes with their faith and values.
 
15 years ago or so, when EMF started spreading into my region, I thought it was a terrible waste of signals.

With some perspective, and 15 years of changes in the industry, I think they are doing commercial owners a favor by thinning the herd. They tend to purchase stations that don't have a place commercially. Like 101.9 WKLU Brownsburg/Indianapolis. A Docket 80/90 station which never "made it", and was not a part of the Clear Channel (at the time), Radio One, Cumulus or Emmis clusters. Russ Oasis got a pretty good payday from EMF, and got out of what would surely have been a money-losing enterprise by 2017.
 
Why don't you explain to me why the waiver system wouldn't work for this issue, or address the abuse of them on the noncommercial side (with tax exemptions by the way.) It amazes me you seem to think it's not an issue.

Once again, I am not the FCC. I'm not the one proposing this. I'm not here to justify what they do. They obviously have a good reason, and I'm pretty sure it's bureaucratic. Their budget keeps getting cut, in case you haven't noticed. They're more affected by their own issues than any influence by lobbyists. There are a ton of things lobbyists would love them to do that they refuse to even consider. Such as mandating FM on cell phones.

You seem to be hung up on the terms "extreme hardship." That's really not the issue here. The issue is they deliver a satellite format. Not unlike NPR. Not unlike what hundreds of commercial stations run in small markets. They have no use for main studios, other than they're required. Having them doesn't mean they will air local programming, because they won't. If your issue is requiring a certain percentage of local programming, then say so. But having a local studio won't guarantee you get what you want.
 
Most of the markets K-Love/Air 1 is in did not have a contemporary Christian format 20 years ago. EMF came along and changed that, bringing the format to most markets including very small ones. The K-Love listeners I know who travel like the fact they can hear the very same programming everywhere they go.
In the social media era, it's silly to think that if there were just local DJs who talked about city council meetings and road construction projects between songs, listeners would turn off Ryan Seacrest. There's certainly a place for a local DJ who's in touch with the community on-air, on social media and in person, but local and national programming aren't mutually exclusive.
 
Most of the markets K-Love/Air 1 is in did not have a contemporary Christian format 20 years ago. EMF came along and changed that, bringing the format to most markets including very small ones. The K-Love listeners I know who travel like the fact they can hear the very same programming everywhere they go.
In the social media era, it's silly to think that if there were just local DJs who talked about city council meetings and road construction projects between songs, listeners would turn off Ryan Seacrest. There's certainly a place for a local DJ who's in touch with the community on-air, on social media and in person, but local and national programming aren't mutually exclusive.

From a listener's point of view, if it weren't for EMF there still probably wouldn't be CCM radio in my area of West TN, because no local station owners (Christian or secular) had the backbone to do it until EMF came in and proved there was an audience for it. I'm thankful that they were able to come in and prove them wrong.
 
Even if I were to agree completely that "the model works" and that it's giving the "people what they want" I would still have ethical issues with how it's done.

An organization claims to be non profit and for some sort of social cause or cause beyond pure profit. They structure themselves in a way where they aren't taxed on their income in the way those of us who are owner operators or even "corporations." They pay large sums of money for radio stations and then claim that it's a financial hardship to have to operate them locally. The only time you hear "Hartford" or "Indianapolis" on the station is at the top of the hour.

Now, you may claim this should be allowed and a good model. But when you claim it's not about lobbying and the desires of these interests, you'd be incorrect. You see, back when there was an LPFM movement, back when there WAS a Clear Channel (Mr. Eduardo seems to think I'm unaware of the largest group owner in my industry having changed its name) - there were filings from groups like EMF. EMF claimed that allowing a local church to start up a 100-250 watt LPFM would harm their fundraising. And they threatened that this would deprive communities of their service.

Now, even if you disagree with the stated FCC goals at the time of increasing "diversity" - which most of you seem to believe is some sort of nebulous and irrelevant concept to begin with, or translates to "what makes the most $$" you must admit that it is not the FCC's mandate or in any way required that they protect the interests of a group that had figured out a clever model for use of translators, and was seeking to protect it.

The argument put forward was illogical. A 250 watt class of LPFM would harm radio? I seem to recall the NAB, NRB and Clear Channel claiming exactly that. So a 250 watt LPFM originating local programming, or local automation was harmful.. until they figured out HD radio to translators! Then suddenly, 250 watts of origination from who knows where was a great idea. Same wattage. Different agenda.

I'm not a person who likes dirty tricks or underhanded dealing. I don't like it when those with power and money misrepresent themselves to stomp on those with less leverage. You might say it's a point of principle. And I see patterns, and this has been the pattern in broadcasting. Those who find the quirks and nuances of localism a bother, or "irrelevant" as Mr. Eduardo seems to, will consistently look for more loopholes and strategies to pinch the penny till it screams. I'm not against making a profit. I rather enjoy it. But economies, and societies, are ecosystems that must be in balance or we are deprived of things that are meaningful, lasting, and beneficial.

I'm in this business and my stations are profitable. As aghast as it may make some of you, I choose to do things that sometimes mean fewer people will listen to the stations at times. Certain things I do, certain methods and styles, are not necessarily what's the most easy to do, or the simple thing everyone will find to the popular taste. But I do them because I believe that they're important for my communities, and that those who are the most engaged in said communities do value those things. I'm fortunate that those things are supported. And I also get to enjoy what I do and feel good about it, whereas doing things simply out of popularity I wouldn't be as passionate about. It's extremely rewarding on a level that isn't reflected in a stock price.

At its most powerful radio can do that. And I'm sure most of you know it. I'm not denying that there IS a place for a large amount of syndicated or "national" programming. But I'm saying there are also rules for a reason, and that's because localism (not the dry and disinterested flavor Mr. Eduardo seems to think is the only thing being referred to) is not only something that can be profitable, but is good for communities. It's good for the people in them. It's good for the long term health of economies (yes, there are also business and economic reasons for NOT removing regulations en masse.)

If EMF, or any other operator wants to be a national brand, they have plenty of opportunities to do so. Ideally, they would go on satellite radio. If you believe there are too many stations to begin with, clear out the band clutter. Tighten the translator rules. Stop letting every satellite driven AM who didn't plan ahead get a free FM translator. But don't open the floodgates again when we have a tangible example of existing rules being exploited.

Localism doesn't have to be dry, irrelevant or longform public affairs. I hear stations on a daily basis that do tangible, entertaining and engaging things that go beyond news or music and into their communities. A lot of them are local non-comms who have formed a basis of listener support. They're not looking for a loophole, and they're not paying their top people over half a million dollars a year. They're sustaining themselves and taking chances and creating conversations. No, they're not the most popular stations in the market. But they are relevant and worth having as a part of the media ecosystem.

And what i absolutely do not want to see is the value of those stations driven up to the likes of iHeart and EMF because it no longer is a barrier to them to operate them as repeaters instead of radio stations. I don't want to see those that had the same dream I did, to serve communities they truly loved and cared about the residents of, priced out of buying a CP because it fills in another gap on the national map, and where the owners have never been because it's too far from Sacramento.

You're all arguing that this is the new and inevitable reality. I concur that it may be. But in the same as removal of other regulations, of which our current administration seems to regard as inherently good across all sectors, there's certain unintended consequences. And as a society, the more we deregulate, the more we say that whatever makes an extra dollar is inherently good or just fine, the more I think we lose. Call me an idealist or say its an intangible concept, but it's the truth. And it's not that I'm stuck in the past. I don't sit around listening to Sinatra all day and telling the kids to get off my lawn.

There is vital, compelling culture and community - in many genres, styles and approaches to radio. I think there's already room for all of them. And I do not want to see it crowded out. The rules have been changed for those who struggled to make it work numerous times, each time we've been made grandiose promises. Stop the handouts and favoritism and let those of us who can do, and those who can't, can find another line of work.
 
A very nicely explained position. Thank you for sharing that. I too have a passion for radio that speaks to the community on many levels, not just in music, news and such. I'm talking radio that reflects life in the community it serves. I appreciate you taking the time to share your thoughts. I read every word.

I'm not sure of EMF's financials. Having worked mostly commercial radio, the way some non-commercial FMs amaze me is how they make their decisions. I know a Spanish language ministry that has a number of stations. Talking to them, they decided to spend way too much for a commercial frequency so they'd have a local outlet for one of their longtime supporters. I asked if that 'support' would pay for the station and was told 'not even close'. I cautioned it was a small community and none of that mattered. The place was not even very heavily Hispanic in population and many of those Hispanics had been there for generations. Simply put, they ran the station a few years and took it silent. They didn't wait for a deal but paid about double what a station would have cost just so they could have a station there.

My point is in commercial radio we would analyze the market and determine the best route to fund the station, they didn't but simply put up a station for a longtime supporter. It's not just the Spanish language ministry that did such but a NPR affiliate in a major market that put up a station in an important donor's hometown. I asked if they had any research to show it to be a good spot to establish a station for their small group of stations. They said no.

Minnesota Public Radio generally asks for main studio waivers as well. Their last 1099 showed a huge income. Still I ponder if they had to have a local presence in all their communities if they could pay for it.

I admire your passion for local radio. I love local radio too.

Over time I have come to realize my vision of what radio should be is just that. I have to let radio and their operators be free to run their stations in the way that is right for them, not requiring my vision to enter the picture. I might not agree but if it is allowed by the FCC, my only beef is with the FCC, not the operator that can get the FCC to do what they want. In the same respect, I'm not happy about welfare fraud but I have more of a beef with the provider than the person receiving because the provider allowed the fraud to take place. I'm not saying main studio waivers are being doled out to undeserving licensees. I'm not working with all the information the station and the FCC have available to make that decision. That doesn't mean my opinion doesn't matter or that I might not like what I see. I'm critical of some operators as well.

My posts have made a simple point. As it stands now, the main studio rule is not a way that requires radio to be local. It is merely a 'requirement' that costs them financially. They chose to take on that cost because for them, the grass really is greener over there. If it is greener, them the main studio rule serves no purpose other than to cost the station money that could go elsewhere. I can't see anything changing if it stays or goes and that's my point.

I remember the campaign to blow LPFM out of the water. I filed comments about it. I asked them to ask how a 250 watt translator didn't interfere but a 100 watt LPFM did. I asked if that Christmas light next to a floodlight made the floodlight less effective in shining it's light. It was truly a con game executed by the parties involved and was determined to be a lie.

I have no issue with the AMs getting translators. If the FCC Rules apply, which they do in regard to spacing and such, then fine. AM stations were in better shape just 10 years back as compared to today. What will they be in another 10 years? I personally don't see the translator in each instance being the saving grace for the AM station but it is better than nothing for that struggling AM. At one point it is the FM that was losing money hand over fist but FM caught on and AM waned. I worked with a guy that had the chance to buy a Los Angeles FM for about $50,000 in 1959. He passed. His regret came to light in about a decade or so. He was a smart guy, but the future is just not that clear.
 
Since there is no actual local origination requirement, if EMF had to have "main studios" they likely would find a supporter that has an existing business, or a church that has regular office hours, and house their public file and some rudimentary broadcast equipment there. You call the friendly insurance agent or pastor the "Public Service Manager" and have the local or regional representative (most EMF markets have one) make an appearance there once a week while he's working in the field, and you've met your legal requirement. That doens't change the way they operate, it just means they pay somebody to babysit the public file.
It's important to note that while there is an audience for CCM, it may not be sustainable on a strictly local basis.
 
Couple of quick points here - and thank you b-turner for appreciating the spirit of my earlier treatise.

1. MPR - I see what they do as different for a couple of reasons. It's a "regional" service focused mostly on one state. So the content is still, not exactly "local" but definitely of a specific interest to the region they seek waivers for. What happens at the State Capitol is extensively covered by MPR, and no matter if you're in the Twin Cities, Duluth or Rochester, it's a unique and relevant service. MPR also holds regular regional public meetings. People are invited to attend, give feedback etc. So they do things that aren't just collecting emails in an inbox. I like their approach and think in that instance, waivers are appropriate. And yes, they have a station in Southern California and did in Florida - but in Southern California, they have their own programming and staff at KPCC and in Florida, they admitted it didn't work and got out of the operation there.

2. EMF's programming isn't my issue. It's their representation of how and why they do it. They benefit from tax exemptions AND from translator and studio rules. But at the same time, you claim CCM isn't necessarily a sustainable format on a strictly local basis - yet EMF will enter a market where there are existing noncommercial CCM stations. Why? Is it strictly about ministry or is it also about nationalization and branding? I don't believe every EMF station sustains itself. I believe their model is that they can sustain themselves nationally and some stations are break even at best. I believe it's in Hartford's best interest to have a CCM station that interacts with churches and non profits in Hartford and talks about them as a part of their programming, like many of the most successful local broadcasters have done for decades. Serving Hartford, or Indianapolis, etc. is not a "hardship." It's a privilege. Why doesn't EMF do what MPR does? Certainly they can afford it.

As outdated as many may think the concept is, I actually believe that licensees have a privilege, not an inherent right. I find some of the non-comm (definitely not all) operators to be completely irresponsible. But they don't seem to suffer the same consequences for those purchases as a commercial broadcaster might.

I admit my mentality towards regulation is probably more along the lines of the CRTC in Canada or earlier versions of OFCOM in the United Kingdom. I prefer an application process to license auctions, and supported the pre 1996 setup with applicants and competitive hearings. Each system has its flaws, but at least these systems favored local applicants and some sort of showing of commitment. Of course, that was also abused. Which is my point.

The staff and budget at the FCC probably isn't there for any return to that sort of thing. I still believe that there is value and wisdom in a local studio. In my markets, people still bring in paper flyers for dinners and fundraisers. We still have people come in for local interviews to be recorded for news segments and community spotlights. Local small business owners still like voicing their commercials (sometimes it's endearing, other times..) and so on. There's actually people in my studios to interact with those people. I think that's part of what makes my business great, and part of why we actually matter. This rule would benefit me financially. And yet, I deeply dislike the tone it's setting.

People can get commercial free top 40 and country from Sirius, Spotify, Pandora, or their cable TV service for a price that's reasonable if what they want is a solid set of well researched music with no commercials, DJs or no DJs, and so on. But in a broader sense, I don't agree with the mentality we seem to have in government and in society that "rules" are the problem and if we were all just deregulated, everything would be better and people would do the right thing.

Because progressively, for decades in an industry that I love and I believe matters, I have seen many take EVERY opportunity to do the WRONG thing, and the cumulative effect hasn't been good for people's engagement with radio. We've become too big, too bloated, and too arrogant. Big media seems to think it's the government's role to make their job easier. I don't agree with it. I submit that when you enter a business, the rules are there for a reason. And if you can't succeed within those rules, maybe the reason isn't the rules. Maybe you're trying to turn the business into something it wasn't, or shouldn't be.

There should be clear rules, limits and tiers. I have no problem with nationalized radio but the best delivery method for it isn't FM. It's satellite and streaming. Public radio and community radio and non profit religious radio all have their place, but should have local preference first. What's right for Wall Street or the board of a large non profit is NOT inherently what's good for Main Street.
 
I agree. I happen to think local is best. Try getting that Church function PSA on an EMF station. I recall a time one of the questions asked an applicant was if they would be directly involved in the day to day operation of a station.

I'm from the school of radio that is if you program the station right, the sales will follow. I think that is still true today (given all the various details). I've worked a number of stations where almost nothing went toward programming (funding and payroll) but the emphasis was strictly on sales, sometime without follow-through on the details of what they sold.

I recall one instance where sales sold a history segment to celebrate a town's 100th anniversary but never thought about the content until they had thousands on the books, telling the on air side 'just figure out something and quit bothering me' about 24 hours prior. On air was wanting specifics of what was 'promised' but got no guidance. In my book, you figure the details then sell the heck out of it. It was another example at that station of the sales side acting without communicating with programming or even programming's foreknowledge. The station was always chasing it's tail. selling knee-jerk small packages versus tackling advertiser's goals and aspirations via effective radio campaigns that reach those goals. But they survived and did okay versus flourishing and dominating in the market.
 
Localism doesn't have to be dry, irrelevant or longform public affairs. I hear stations on a daily basis that do tangible, entertaining and engaging things that go beyond news or music and into their communities. A lot of them are local non-comms who have formed a basis of listener support. They're not looking for a loophole, and they're not paying their top people over half a million dollars a year. They're sustaining themselves and taking chances and creating conversations. No, they're not the most popular stations in the market. But they are relevant and worth having as a part of the media ecosystem.

This seems to be the essence of this discussion.

There are a few people who want the content additives you call "localism". Most don't, and make other broadcast choices when stations take too much time to chat and talk about things most listeners, today, don't turn on the radio to hear. Many of those choices today are not AM or FM stations... they are Internet stations that don't have any of the arcane regulations and restrictions the FCC has dragged forward from the last century.

If there is a niche in each market for such content, generally someone will fill it. In certain formats, it does not take huge intelligence to know that for example, doing PSAs for mostly local causes and activities can endear you to the audience. But it's not hard to learn that most "service elements" that radio was famous for in the past are no longer wanted, needed or appropriate for the traditional broadcast model of radio.

I am in total disagreement with the old FCC-mandated theory and practice that stations had to put news and other content into every programming hour because the public, whether they realized it or not, had to be exposed to "it". Stations should have the total freedom to determine if "serving the listener" is achieved via lots of non-stop music or other, more traditional forms of information and community linked content.
 
People can get commercial free top 40 and country from Sirius, Spotify, Pandora, or their cable TV service for a price that's reasonable if what they want is a solid set of well researched music with no commercials, DJs or no DJs, and so on.

Actually, the sources you name are very minimally researched if at all.

The on-demand services have no research... they make available everything, and users ask for what they want.

But in a broader sense, I don't agree with the mentality we seem to have in government and in society that "rules" are the problem and if we were all just deregulated, everything would be better and people would do the right thing.

I have had the opportunity to work in quite a few large markets where there was absolutely no requirement on content, studio location, localization, service and the general topics discussed here. In every case, the market always filled in the void.

Not enough news on the FM band? A station would morph and identify itself as the FM news source. Not enough of a particular kind of music? The void would be filled, and unless the niche was too small for commercial success, it would be sustained. Not enough information and entertainment for immigrants? A station could always be counted on to jump in and serve that community if large enough. A need for continuous sports coverage? A station would morph into all-sports.

In those experiences, several in markets larger than New York and several in markets more the size of Cleveland or St. Louis, the result was always the same: some stations were successful by doing the kind of programming you favor, and others were equally successful doing just the opposite. In fact, in both the larger and smaller of the markets, there was and currently is a wider range of both musical choices and varieties of talk and discussion than anywhere in the US.
 


EMF would have extreme hardship in providing the service they currently offer if they had to staff and maintain local studios for every one of their stations. The expense would be such that likely half or more of them would be forced to be sold or closed.

While some think that what EMF does is not a true service, listeners disagree. They like the formats EMF offers and the fact that they can have what they perceive to be wholesome entertainment with minimal interruptions. They provide diversity and a quality product that serves the needs of millions of listeners nationally.

It does not matter what was paid for the station or the size of the market. What matters is that EMF can provide its service only using a model that does not include either commercials or local studios and staffs. When taken in the context of the wide variety of formats and enormous number of stations available today it seems that what EMF does is a very valuable service to one segment of the national community.

And one more thought: a "community" does not have to be "local". In this case, it's a national community of Christians who seek a particular kind of music and radio entertainment that meshes with their faith and values.
BBN does the same thing with the Christian music that I like. Not as many stations.
 
Most of the markets K-Love/Air 1 is in did not have a contemporary Christian format 20 years ago. EMF came along and changed that, bringing the format to most markets including very small ones. The K-Love listeners I know who travel like the fact they can hear the very same programming everywhere they go.
In the social media era, it's silly to think that if there were just local DJs who talked about city council meetings and road construction projects between songs, listeners would turn off Ryan Seacrest. There's certainly a place for a local DJ who's in touch with the community on-air, on social media and in person, but local and national programming aren't mutually exclusive.
Where I live, local stations DID start playing Contemporary Christian music 20 years ago. One in the Charlotte area essentially played the same thing as a larger station in nearby Columbia. But it was called "New Life 91.9" and people had bumper stickers for it. Now both those stations are K-Love.
 
As a small market station owner here is my take on the main studio rule:

Our station was at several local events this month. I work with several groups that have never been to our station, but we promote, attend or cover their events. 99% of our contact is via Cell Phone, email, and in person. We have one station where a main studio is a must, and another where it won't be missed. Once again this will vary from market to market, but stations (especially struggling to make end meet) should have a option.

I drive by a dozen or so small stations each week. I usually see on car (the manager or owner). When scanning the dial they still provide community information, weather news, etc. The burden of a unnecessary studio could cut their costs, take some pressure of or if the bills are paid this month. It should be a option.

In markets with multiple station clusters, I don't see their studios going away. You might see those who have properties (such as Mobile/Pensacola) move to a smaller location in one city or the other. I think one of the major groups are already running most of their programming out of Mobile.
 
The argument put forward was illogical. A 250 watt class of LPFM would harm radio? I seem to recall the NAB, NRB and Clear Channel claiming exactly that. So a 250 watt LPFM originating local programming, or local automation was harmful.. until they figured out HD radio to translators!

You simplify a very long and complicated issue with a number of objections, depending on the source. As I recall, the NAB's issue was clutter. Too many stations on an already crowded dial, diluting the value and causing too much interference with existing stations. Commercial radio had already seen what happened with Docket 80-90, and this was originally very similar. It took a while before LPFM became what it is now. But yes, originally it was harmful to radio, and there was no guarantee it would be any more local than what Clear Channel was doing. It took a while, with lots of arguments, lots of filings, lots of periods for comments, and ultimately the NAB lost. So even the highest paid lobbyists in Washington can't get everything they want. Rules were added disallowing syndication, and making it non-commercial. Even with all those changes, most LPFMs today aren't particularly useful or valuable to local communities. There are some exceptions, and they're to be commended. But then there's that issue of funding.
 
Where I live, local stations DID start playing Contemporary Christian music 20 years ago. One in the Charlotte area essentially played the same thing as a larger station in nearby Columbia. But it was called "New Life 91.9" and people had bumper stickers for it. Now both those stations are K-Love.

A lot of the existing local CCM stations that K-LOVE buys are ones that have struggled and would have sold out or folded in any case. I'd rather see them sell to EMF or some other national group that will keep the CCM format than to a group that even if they're Christian, they change to a format like traditional music or talk, and leave the CCM audience abandoned. In 2005 WYJJ 89.3 in McKenzie, TN sold to a KJV Only anti-CCM group that changed to ultra-traditional music and preachers. in 2011 WNAZ in Nashville sold to Bott, who changed to their regular format of Christian talk. In both cases the previous owners sold out to stations they knew had no intention of keeping a CCM format. Granted, there were other CCM stations in the areas, but they still made no effort to sell to a group like EMF or WAY-FM. If they had, those stations would still likely have a CCM format today.
 
And EMF doesn't always pay a huge price. For a station in the Youngstown, Ohio market, after it sold the AMs, paid $175,000 ($225,000 for 1 FM and 2 AMs, turning both AMs for $50,000). The FM had been targeting Youngstown with a station formatted for youth with a Christian message. As for the station's financial health, let's just say they felt billings was not something they had but a city in Montana.
 
In 2014 EMF paid the nearly bankrupt Marlin Broadcasting over $9 million for WCCC-FM/AM in Hartford, Connecticut. The FM was Classic Rock. The AM (490 watts day/11 watt night) was Classical. They were involved in a bidding war for the station with Connoisseur Broadcasting. Connoisseur ended up paying just under $6 million for Oldies/Classic Hits 102.9 WDRC and their 4 AM Talk quadcast. EMF eventually donated WCCC AM 1290 to a religious school in Minnesota who is programming a Preaching and Teaching format Faith 1290 WNWW. EMF is letting them use an FM translator on 94.1 FM.
 
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