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Ratings for Translators - How Nielsen Does It

davideduardo

Moderator/Administrator
Staff member
There has been a lot of misinformation on how translators get encoded and credited in Nielsen PPM markets.

Here are a few selected paragraphs from their most recent Policy Brief about translators.

REPORTING
In our radio services, we automatically include audience
delivered via an FM translator in the estimates we report for
the station that retransmits its signal on the translator. We do
not report audience estimates for any FM translator as if it
were a full service radio station.

PPM CREDIT
In PPM, a radio station receives listening credit for its
translator audience automatically because the translator retransmits
the host station’s PPM codes (the codes are already
in the signal the translator re-transmits).
In PPM, a radio station receives listening credit for its
translator audience automatically because the translator retransmits
the host station’s PPM codes (the codes are already
in the signal the translator re-transmits).

NOTIFICATION
It is important that you let us know about your translator and
translator changes. As FCC translator records may not be
complete or up-to-date, we solely rely upon broadcasters to
provide this information.

GENERAL
From a station information perspective, we consider the
translator to be a ‘part’ of the station that retransmits on the
translator, rather than a station on its own.
This perspective supports our reporting policy and reflects
FCC regulations. As such, our approach for collecting
translator information is different than our approach for
collecting full service station information.

PROGRAMMING
Programming: A translator may not originate any
programming – it must retransmit an AM, FM or HD-multicast
station’s signal.
 
Thanks for the info, David, it's enlightening!
PROGRAMMING
Programming: A translator may not originate any
programming – it must retransmit an AM, FM or HD-multicast
station’s signal.
This rule seems to be blatantly ignored around here. When KOLT-HD2 went off the air for a while, 97.1 was still running programming, and the same with KRAE and its translator.
 
Is there a move underway to have 2 separate PPM codes, 1 for the AM station and 1 for all "rebroadcasters" (FM translator - FM HD - [AM HD?] - Streaming [Live and Podcast])?

Such info could be used to justify shutting down the AM station and just using the "rebroadcasters" only.


Kirk Bayne
 
Is there a move underway to have 2 separate PPM codes, 1 for the AM station and 1 for all "rebroadcasters" (FM translator - FM HD - [AM HD?] - Streaming [Live and Podcast])?

Such info could be used to justify shutting down the AM station and just using the "rebroadcasters" only.
I have not heard of any such move. Nor have I detected any interest.

Nielsen separately encodes each channel that can or could operate separately. But translators are tied to another licensed facility, so they don't have to be separately encoded.
 
Last edited:
Is there a move underway to have 2 separate PPM codes, 1 for the AM station and 1 for all "rebroadcasters" (FM translator - FM HD - [AM HD?] - Streaming [Live and Podcast])?
Streams are already separately encoded. Podcasts aren't rated by Nielsen.

I do however wonder about this portion that David quoted:
(the codes are already in the signal the translator re-transmits).
To my understanding, for the best audio quality, PPM encoding is supposed to be done as a final step the air chain, after the STL. Since essentially zero AM translators monitor their parent station over-the-air, I would expect two separate PPM boxes. Even if they both encode for "WCCO-AM".
 
I time shifted some radio shows on KKFI ~25 years ago by using a VCR w/radio audio substituted for the TV audio (TV signal was needed for sync for the VCR), the Red Eye Radio overnight radio show promotes their podcast for people who miss (parts of) the overnight show (seems like the podcast should be rated).

With the ongoing cost cutting, I would think that radio owners would want to know what the listeners are listening to, the original AM or the rebroadcasts and might be willing to pay a little more to the rating companies for this additional information.


Kirk Bayne
 
To my understanding, for the best audio quality, PPM encoding is supposed to be done as a final step the air chain, after the STL. Since essentially zero AM translators monitor their parent station over-the-air, I would expect two separate PPM boxes. Even if they both encode for "WCCO-AM".
Nielsen's policy:

PPM CREDIT
In PPM, a radio station receives listening credit for its
translator audience automatically because the translator retransmits
the host station’s PPM codes (the codes are already
in the signal the translator re-transmits).
In PPM, a radio station receives listening credit for its
translator audience automatically because the translator retransmits
the host station’s PPM codes (the codes are already
in the signal the translator re-transmits
).

The encoding can be done at the studio, and many stations prefer it to be done there so that no matter what transmitter or audio chain is use the encoding remains in effect.

Any variation from this policy would have to be submitted to Nielsen, but their official policy is that which is stated above.

 
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