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Questions Regarding Setting Up Home-built Part 15 AM Transmitting Antenna

I've been experimenting with this awhile, and I'm getting close to finalizing something.

I assembled an antenna out of two pieces of copper pipe with a total length of slightly under 10 feet (legal), and then I built a tuning coil (should be legal?) and I'm planning on getting a variable capacitor for fine tuning.

So, questions:
  1. Do I need a ground at all? My antenna system seems to actually work surprisingly well without one.
  2. What size variable capacitor should I use? I'm thinking that, since my tuning coil is relatively large, a small-ish one should suffice, but I don't know.
  3. Is there anything wrong with broadcasting on 1710 kHz as opposed to 1610? There are FCC-sanctioned precedents for broadcasting on 1710 (Radio Sausalito and KHMV-LP), so it stands to reason that I should be fine, but maybe not, hence the question.
Thank you!

c
 
cc333-

My suggestion: Unless the signal can be clearly received approximately 200 feet from the antenna, don't worry about it. Not much reason to tune the antenna or experiment with ground systems because a three-meter length radiating system will not be efficient at AM frequencies, period. And the rule limits field strength at a given distance regardless of what you are able to do with the antenna. Success means non-compliance because Part 15 is not intended to allow AM band "broadcasting" beyond about the distance you can shout with your voice.

Remember, at night AM propagation can be amazing. Software says some AM stations can create interference to stations 1,000 miles away at night with just 5 watts. Essentially, that is why we have daytime only AM stations.

Respectfully, I think your error here is using the broadcasting word, unless you mean to those with receivers within a couple hundred feet of the antenna.

Part 15 is extensive. In addition to this below, there is a condition for signal level at a certain distance. You can't legally play games with (a) below.

§ 15.219 Operation in the band 510-1705 kHz.​


(a) The total input power to the final radio frequency stage (exclusive of filament or heater power) shall not exceed 100 milliwatts.

(b) The total length of the transmission line, antenna and ground lead (if used) shall not exceed 3 meters.

(c) All emissions below 510 kHz or above 1705 kHz shall be attenuated at least 20 dB below the level of the unmodulated carrier. Determination of compliance with the 20 dB attenuation specification may be based on measurements at the intentional radiator's antenna output terminal unless the intentional radiator uses a permanently attached antenna, in which case compliance shall be demonstrated by measuring the radiated emissions.
 
Is there anything wrong with broadcasting on 1710 kHz as opposed to 1610? There are FCC-sanctioned precedents for broadcasting on 1710 (Radio Sausalito and KHMV-LP), so it stands to reason that I should be fine, but maybe not, hence the question.

I don't think these are FCC-sanctioned or FCC-precedents. They were just done, and they didn't get into trouble.

Radio Sausalito has switched to 1610. They may have realized that, to be legal, your signal must be considerably smaller on 1710.

Radio Sausalito is a great station. I've donated to them in the past.

Good luck with your project!
 
1710 kHz falls under Part 15.223 which is far more restrictive than 15.219. The regulation says in part,"The field strength of any emission within the band 1.705–10.0 MHz shall not exceed 100 microvolts/meter at a distance of 30 meters. However, if the bandwidth of the emission is less than 10% of the center frequency, the field strength shall not exceed 15 microvolts/meter or (the bandwidth of the device in kHz) divided by (the center frequency of the device in MHz) microvolts/meter at a distance of 30 meters, whichever is the higher level."
So, I would try to stay within the expanded band of 1610-1700, if at all possible.
 
Hmm, I see. Good to know!

I like 1610 since more radios work with it (most pre-90s radios I've seen top out around ~1620), but it's a very cluttered frequency where I'm at (numerous distant traveller's info stations, mainly), but it works well enough because there aren't any commercial stations nearby (every other expanded band frequency is full).

c
 
Use caution when helping cc333 with this stuff, because I've seen it happen before. It's pretty clear that he's now looking to stretch his newly found signal probably past legal distance limits. If you work in the business, the last thing you want is him pointing to advice received here as the reason he went in a particular direction and potentially getting busted.
I recommend sticking to just quoting the rules because you can't control behind the scenes what he's going to do with other forms of your advice.
 
Well, I want to stay within legal limits as much as possible, even if that means an effective range of 100 feet. I just want to explore any possibilities in case I find myself in a rural setting where nobody would complain if I dare to push the limits a bit.

And I absolutely DO NOT wish to get anyone in any trouble!!

I'm just trying to have some (hopefully) harmless fun!

c
 
Where's R. Fry when we need him? :D

The original rule for unlicensed AM transmitters (100 mW DC input, 10 foot antenna+feedline+ground) goes back to the 1930s, when they were talking about a tube-type "phono oscillator" connected to a 78 rpm phonograph with a 10-foot wire hanging off of it in one's living room. No ground whatsoever other than the chassis because AC outlets with a ground connection didn't exist in homes yet.

Nowadays, FCC OET Bulletin 63 says that both AM and FM transmitters are limited to a range of about 200 feet. Nowhere is this codified in the rules. It is an approximation. BTW, 250 uV/m at 3 meters on 88-108 MHz calculates to about 11 nW ERP. A 3 meter wire on the Ancient Modulation band isn't much better, given a radiation resistance in the tenths of ohms.

It is theoretically possible to install a 100 mW input (50-80 mW output) AM transmitter outside, mounted directly on the ground, connect a 3 meter antenna and run buried radials (which should not radiate) to give it a real ground. It might give you decent range, and I've never seen anything about the FCC going after such operations as long as there's no interference to licensed stations.

The main thing is to not operate on a frequency that you can hear well on your radio, day or night. Somebody, somewhere might actually be listening. It takes only one person to b!tch to the FCC. 1610 kHz has no broadcast stations in the US AFAIK, being used only by TIS stations.

1710 operates under a different section of Part 15. 15 uV/m at 30 meters won't get you much, but there are no specified power and antenna requirements. You're on your own there.

Here is a short antenna calculator. 3 meters at Ancient Modulation frequencies is quite inefficient.
 
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Well, I want to stay within legal limits as much as possible, even if that means an effective range of 100 feet. I just want to explore any possibilities in case I find myself in a rural setting where nobody would complain if I dare to push the limits a bit.

And I absolutely DO NOT wish to get anyone in any trouble!!

I'm just trying to have some (hopefully) harmless fun!
But that's the thing we've seen before. Someone starts playing with at the time a legal Part 15 transmitting device, then starts questioning whether it could transmit further. Then it becomes; 'My neighbors might like what I'm doing too' so antennas with gain or that reach past the limits are added. Now you've started intentionally violating the rules. But who would notice, right? I'm just trying to have some fun!
You obviously have a home computer, and could easily look up the rules easier than anyone here can feed them to you. I'm just warning well-intentioned professionals here to keep someone like you at arm's length to avoid potentially being scapegoated, should you decide three meters of coverage isn't enough.
 
I bought a 0.1 watt FM unit off of Amazon and ran it for 11 years (still going without a visit from the FCC)... But I don't really broadcast explicit material and interfere with other signals.

You should be fine going a few feet over the limits. The FCC can't even bust the illegally operating (licensed) stations across the country.
 
Technically speaking, an efficient antenna cannot be made for the AM band with the prescribed total length of the transmission line, antenna and ground lead.
Due to money, available materials and the cost of land, I built my first AM with 70 meter tower. The frequency was 570 kHz. It measured about 13 Ω and a horrible j... even with an extra 30 meters of top loading in 6 guys.

The thing was horribly inefficient, but it did cover the market. It took the help of my consulting engineer, the former chief engineer of Telefunken in Europe before WW II, to get it to tune with adequate sidebands (the "j" slope looked like the incline of a roller coaster at Knott's Berry Farm).

Trying to broadcast with a conforming mini-power transmitter and conforming antenna makes for an amusing set of calculations if you like messing around with the math.
 
I recommend sticking to just quoting the rules because you can't control behind the scenes what he's going to do with other forms of your advice.
Don't even quote the. Post a link. "Advice" can be interpreted as complicity.
 
Do I need a ground at all? My antenna system seems to actually work surprisingly well without one.
Probably. If you like pumping RF (even at low levels...) into various appliances in your house and your neighbors houses, a properly-grounded RF system is good engineering practice.
What size variable capacitor should I use? I'm thinking that, since my tuning coil is relatively large, a small-ish one should suffice, but I don't know.
We don't know what the impedance of the antenna (above) is to give any sort of spit-balled answer.

Y'know, I'd think a couple of semesters of EE classes at your local community college might actually give you some of the answers you seek.
 
Y'know, I'd think a couple of semesters of EE classes at your local community college might actually give you some of the answers you seek.
I suggest two things: (1) Buy The ARRL Antenna Book and study it, and (2) stick with a 3 meter antenna and stay legal. The former will be beneficial in the long run. The latter is mandatory.
 
Y'know, I'd think a couple of semesters of EE classes at your local community college might actually give you some of the answers you seek.
Or pay a couple of bucks to someone who knows... and is willing to ignore regulations.
 
Folks.. all of the rules regarding what we all know as "Part 15 AM" DO NOT APPLY TO 1710 kHz. While I don't see a huge rush by the FCC to go out and find folks who are violating the field strength requirements outside of the spectrum covered by the "3 meter loophole", it is still a violation of the rules to deploy the Part 15 AM rule on 1710 kHz unless you can assure that the field strength requirements for that spectrum are still met. Stick with a Chez Procaster or a Hamilton Rangemaster using the included antenna and the FCC certification number and stay in band.
 
I have a Hamilton Rangemaster which is installed in accordance with Part 15.219 specs. Although, this is unlicensed broadcasting it is not pirate radio or illegal broadcasting. As such, it should not affect my LPFM application.
 
This is serious, but it also amuses me, rather. In the early 1950s, I built a transmitter, using 1200kcs., because it was wide-open except for San Antonio and Venezuela. With a 10-foot wire, I was able to broadcast my 78 rpm records about 500 feet using a decent radio as a receiver. But I wanted more. So, I set-up a long wire to near the top of a very tall tree more than three times the height of our house, then across five acres to another tall tree near the barn, then down to a vent-pipe sticking up from the barn roof (from bathroom plumbing in the barn). This got me out there a little more than a half-mile; and so I wound the insulsted wire around the vent pipe to hold it in place -- and suddenly my distance multiplied! Then I experimented with the coil and its windings, cutting down the power of the R.F. fed into the antenna to ridiculously low levels -- and I still hit one "sweet spot" with tuning the coil, which got me out about 1-1/2 miles using our Packard car radio. And yet the signsl was so low, even in the house, that I could hear San Antonio underneath it, and Fort Wayne and Philadelphia splattered onto it -- and yet it was about as strong 1/2 mile away! So, I turned it back up to original power, and you could hear it for 18 miles! It was not overwhelmingly strong right at the transnitter: it simply CARRIED unbelievably. I loved playing with it, and even got hold of a studio microphone and old mixing board and began broadcasting to any possible listener who might care to hear it. I gave our home number as a "request-line", and calls began coming in from several places. I kept doing this and never got in trouble (I was lucky!!!). One night, I received a call from someone listening in New Jersey, who said that he could hear Texas and hear me, together That was it: I shut the thing down, fearing that the Feds would arrest me! I was too YOUNG to go to prison! I had got the circuit from a 1947 radio magazine, as I recall -- and though I did not have a crystal, I had the oscillator circuit stable enough to hold within a cycle or two, once the thing had been on for about an hour. I checked it by using intermodulation with strong local stations (e.g., 810 should zero-beat with whatever was on 1590 -- usually Waterbury or Akron). After I shut my operation down, I listened on 1200 and found it to be quite active at that time with pirates. The "dead air" on 1610 was another popular place to find surreptitious broadcasters back then. Hard to believe, that was 70+ years ago: where has all the time gone? I still listen to Guy Lombardo, Rosemary Clooney, The Ames Brothers, Phil Harris.......
 
This is serious, but it also amuses me, rather. In the early 1950s, I built a transmitter, using 1200kcs., because it was wide-open except for San Antonio and Venezuela. With a 10-foot wire, I was able to broadcast my 78 rpm records about 500 feet using a decent radio as a receiver. But I wanted more. So, I set-up a long wire to near the top of a very tall tree more than three times the height of our house, then across five acres to another tall tree near the barn, then down to a vent-pipe sticking up from the barn roof (from bathroom plumbing in the barn). This got me out there a little more than a half-mile; and so I wound the insulsted wire around the vent pipe to hold it in place -- and suddenly my distance multiplied! Then I experimented with the coil and its windings, cutting down the power of the R.F. fed into the antenna to ridiculously low levels -- and I still hit one "sweet spot" with tuning the coil, which got me out about 1-1/2 miles using our Packard car radio. And yet the signsl was so low, even in the house, that I could hear San Antonio underneath it, and Fort Wayne and Philadelphia splattered onto it -- and yet it was about as strong 1/2 mile away! So, I turned it back up to original power, and you could hear it for 18 miles! It was not overwhelmingly strong right at the transnitter: it simply CARRIED unbelievably. I loved playing with it, and even got hold of a studio microphone and old mixing board and began broadcasting to any possible listener who might care to hear it. I gave our home number as a "request-line", and calls began coming in from several places. I kept doing this and never got in trouble (I was lucky!!!). One night, I received a call from someone listening in New Jersey, who said that he could hear Texas and hear me, together That was it: I shut the thing down, fearing that the Feds would arrest me! I was too YOUNG to go to prison! I had got the circuit from a 1947 radio magazine, as I recall -- and though I did not have a crystal, I had the oscillator circuit stable enough to hold within a cycle or two, once the thing had been on for about an hour. I checked it by using intermodulation with strong local stations (e.g., 810 should zero-beat with whatever was on 1590 -- usually Waterbury or Akron). After I shut my operation down, I listened on 1200 and found it to be quite active at that time with pirates. The "dead air" on 1610 was another popular place to find surreptitious broadcasters back then. Hard to believe, that was 70+ years ago: where has all the time gone? I still listen to Guy Lombardo, Rosemary Clooney, The Ames Brothers, Phil Harris.......
Holy moly…

Do you listen to them on 78s or not? And what about Dinah Washington and the Mills Brothers?
 
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