fred flintstone said:
Do you see a pattern? The first generation rearely becomes even bilingual, generally being those who think inthe native language and translate into a limited vocabulary of a second langauge when needed.
Earlier immigrant groups did learn English and did assimilate. Hispanics far less so. Part of the reason is they are enabled by foreign language broadcasters (among others) not to learn English. Without foreign language broadcasting, recent immigrants would more quickly assimilate and become part of the economic and social mainstream - like people in the other groups mentioned.
BTW: The Irish speak Gaelic, the first official language of Ireland (Eireann).
First, the Irish do NOT speak Gaelic. It is a secondarly langauge to English, and only a small percentage of the immigrants during the Potato Famine spoke it primarily. Today, less than 10% of the Irish speak it daily. Since my father's family came during the famine years, I have a good deal of infomation and, while gaelic was more used 150 years ago, it was even then not the dominant language.
In the 19th Century, use of Irish was discouraged by the British, and its use int he national school system was prohibited until the 1870's, when this stance was softened. A relatively small percentage of Irish immigrants did not know any English uppon arrival, and these were the ones from the western and Southwestern coastal areas of Ireland, cnetered around Shannon and Limerick. Since my father's family is from an area midway between those cities, and I have been there, there is scant usage of Irish to be heard.
Hispanic assimilation, just like all other non-English speaking groups, comes in the second generation. Now, yesterday, two centuries ago. When you see the number of Spanish dominant Hispanics in any major US market vs. English dominant ones, you see it almost exactly matches the first to later generation residents. For example, 92% of Puerto Ricans under age 55 in New York city are Spanish dominant. This is because the last inbound migration of puerto Ricans ended around 1968, and the under-55 Puerto Ricans are almost all second and thirdf generation.
Other groups, in thier time had as much media in their langauge as Hispanics do today. Periodicals, etc. Chicago stillhas 4 Polish staitons. NY had italian stations through the 50's, 40 years after the last significant influx of Italians.
And Hispanic radio companies are doing thier 18-34 stations in Spanglish or English because the second generation is not a user of much Spanish media.