... to a person who is not the owner and where that person is "paid" in the form of money or other consideration... and is a crimeSponsor ID is part of payola. By definition, payola is payment without disclosure.
Running a paid ad under contract with the station but where the listener is not advised of the sponsor is violation of FCC rules regarding sponsor ID and is a rule violation, not a crime.
Here the disclosure has two different forms: to the owner in the case of payola where the employee takes money for station services, and to the listener in the case of lack of sponsor ID where there is no notice of who the sponsor is.So it's both, when done by an employee or station. A station or company would be equally liable under payola law for failing to disclose.
But the station is vastly less responsible as discovery of payola is undocumented and hidden.The FCC treats payola as a violation of sponsor ID rules.
I did due diligence for the purchase of record label and part of the discovery revealed the names of PDs and DJs who received money from the label. The confidentiality of due diligence prevented us from taking action in regards to several PDs who worked for us.
It was interpreted as being illegal by lawyers involved. It was never taken to court.Call it whatever you want. What the RIAA was offering was illegal.