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Another Question Regarding 11/22/63 News Coverage

I note that in the NBC coverage of the day JFK was assassinated, shortly after his death had been officially announced, they cut to live video from the UN of the delegates standing in a minute of silence in his memory.

My question is: did the networks have some sort of formal, permanent video link to the UN (coaxial or microwave), enabling them to tape or show live noteworthy debates, etc? Or did they just pick it up off-air for the occasion? (The UN proceedings were broadcast live on one of the NYC-owned stations back then, either WNYE-25 or WNYC-31).
 
Stanislav said:
The UN proceedings were broadcast live on one of the NYC-owned stations back then, either WNYE-25 or WNYC-31.

If the UN was seen on a NYC-owned station, it would had to be WNYC -- WNYE didn't sign on until 1967.
 
I suspect the networks were able to go live to the
UN anytime they wanted. Back in the day, Pauline
Frederick was NBC's UN correspondent and John Scali,
ABC's. Just the year before, the networks had carried--
live--Adlai Stevenson's challenge to Soviet delegate
Valerian Zorin to confirm or deny the presence of nuclear
missiles in Cuba; and even earlier (1959) had covered--
live--Khrushchev's appearance at the UN.
 
bpatrick said:
Just the year before, the networks had carried--
live--Adlai Stevenson's challenge to Soviet delegate
Valerian Zorin to confirm or deny the presence of nuclear
missiles in Cuba...

Ah, yes...."Don't wait for the translation! Yes or no?" and "I am prepared to wait for my answer until hell freezes over." One of Stevenson's best moments.
 
bpatrick said:
I suspect the networks were able to go live to the
UN anytime they wanted. Back in the day, Pauline
Frederick was NBC's UN correspondent and John Scali,
ABC's. Just the year before, the networks had carried--
live--Adlai Stevenson's challenge to Soviet delegate
Valerian Zorin to confirm or deny the presence of nuclear
missiles in Cuba; and even earlier (1959) had covered--
live--Khrushchev's appearance at the UN.

don't forget that richard c. hottelet was cbs's u.n. correspondent in the day!

tb
 
I'm fortunate to have that "As It Happend" NBC video of the JFK events. Yes, they did cut to the UN, which leads me to believe there was a live camera there that any network could have joined. I think the UN was much more important in the media world at that time, thus, the live camera. Today, it seems less important, and probably is.

The other interesting aspect about the NBC coverage of 1963 was how crude and unprepared network TV was for an event of this magnitude. Many historians point to this event as the "change" in how network (and for that matter local) TV covers events. The JFK tragedy was of course a serious politcal event, but also a serious media-changing event.
 
searadiofreak said:
The other interesting aspect about the NBC coverage of 1963 was how crude and unprepared network TV was for an event of this magnitude. Many historians point to this event as the "change" in how network (and for that matter local) TV covers events. The JFK tragedy was of course a serious politcal event, but also a serious media-changing event.

The flip side is that now we have 24-hour news coverage on several channels with the ability to instantaneously get video from just about anywhere on the globe, and the fact of the matter is that much of what gets broadcast is hardly "news." Anything about Anna Nicole, Paris, Lindsay, etc. is not "news." A car chase in L.A. is not news, at least not "news" that needs to be trumpeted with the same "Breaking News" graphics and theme music as if announcing that Bush has just resigned. Blowhards like O'Reilley and Dobbs are not "news." When there is a legitimately important breaking event, they do a wonderful job. But the rest of the time, all they're doing is filling air time and selling ads. Just once, I'd like to tune in to CNN and see a static graphic that just says "Nothing important going on right now -- go read a book." ;)
 
searadiofreak said:
The other interesting aspect about the NBC coverage of 1963 was how crude and unprepared network TV was for an event of this magnitude.

Especially at 30 Rock. I read back in the '80s where the 1:00p ET hour was local NBC stations' property in 1963. Partly as a result, NBC didn't interrupt with the JFK coverage until 1:56p ET (12:56p CT) - 26 minutes after the shooting - due to inability or slowness to "get the network up". Technology was THAT primitive in 1963? Remember, I was only 2 years old. ;D :(

ixnay
 
CBS was "up" and running "As The World Turns" at
1:30 (ET); when the first bulletin came on that JFK
had been shot, at 1:40, all viewers saw was a "CBS NEWS
BULLETIN" slide; they could only hear Cronkite. It
was a good ten minutes or more before Cronkite could
be put on camera. As a result, CBS has since kept a
camera ready to go, and the anchor can appear on
camera immediately.

And I had forgotten (unforgivably) that Richard Hottelet
was CBS's UN correspondent. UN sessions were of more
importance to the media in those days, perhaps because
people still thought the UN could settle international disputes.
 
ixnay said:
Especially at 30 Rock. I read back in the '80s where the 1:00p ET hour was local NBC stations' property in 1963. Partly as a result, NBC didn't interrupt with the JFK coverage until 1:56p ET (12:56p CT) - 26 minutes after the shooting - due to inability or slowness to "get the network up". Technology was THAT primitive in 1963?

NBC actually did start broadcasting around 1:45 (and Don Pardo had already done a couple of audio bulletins over WNBC-TV before the whole network joined coverage), but it was another 11 minutes until they were ready to roll tape, so the coverage we have preserved starts at about 1:56.

The delay was partly technology (the era's cameras, lights, and VTRs DID all need some time to warm up and be adjusted/calibrated) combined with the fact that NBC wasn't programming at the time -- I imagine a lot of technical folks who wouldn't normally have been needed until the afternoon soaps began were probably out to lunch.

CBS, by contrast, was up and running, and taping the in-progress live broadcast of ATWT for time-zone delay, so even though the first bulletins were audio only (it would be about 15-20 minutes before the camera in the newsroom warmed up) they were both able to get something out on the air faster, and record it for posterity as well.
 
If ATWT was on time-zone delay, what were west coast CBS affiliates showing at the time? Did they get the "CBS Bulletin" slide right away? OR did they have to wait until Cronkite could be seen live?
 
Smittian said:
If ATWT was on time-zone delay, what were west coast CBS affiliates showing at the time? Did they get the "CBS Bulletin" slide right away? OR did they have to wait until Cronkite could be seen live?

The left coast would have been getting the 11:30/10:30 Central & Pacific slot
show via TV City from 10:30-11 PT. Pete & Gladys? (bpatrick, help me out!)

TV City would have been recording ATWT for coast airing 12:30-1 PT. The mp3
track I have of that first Cronkite (audio only) bulletin sounds like 5 kHz Telco
line audio so it may be from the CBS TV City tape.

I'll make two assumptions here--either CBS NY gave TV City a heads-up just
before the interrupt so they'd cut to it, or someone in Pacific network master
control saw it incoming and took it live. On the NY feed, there are a couple of
seconds at the top of the "CBS News Bulletin" slide where Cronkite can be heard
moving copy and/or the mic around before he begins speaking.
 
I am sure this was asked before but what about ABC and 11/22/63?

I wonder how they did their coverage? Of course clips of NBC and CBS' from that day have been seen for years but I have yet to see what ABC did.
 
mleach said:
I am sure this was asked before but what about ABC and 11/22/63?

I wonder how they did their coverage? Of course clips of NBC and CBS' from that day have been seen for years but I have yet to see what ABC did.

I've wondered and asked about that myself for many years. On very infrequent occasions, there will be a brief clip of ABC's coverage (I believe it was Ron Cochran and Howard K. Smith that anchored it) in an assassination special. There has never been an airing of the complete ABC coverage, as with NBC, to my knowledge. (Even CBS has only shown edited excerpts, though far more than ABC.)

I do know that they relied heavily on WFAA for long stretches, and that WFAA did tape and archive all their JFK coverage from that weekend -- they showed a good deal of it in a 1983 special called "The Kennedy Tapes." (Which, if an off-air copy ever turns up on eBay, generally ends up selling for triple-digit numbers.) :) But as for what was happening in the studios in New York, or how they first broke bulletins and began their coverage, it is still a bit of a mystery to me.
 
oldiesfan6479 said:
I'll make two assumptions here--either CBS NY gave TV City a heads-up just
before the interrupt so they'd cut to it, or someone in Pacific network master
control saw it incoming and took it live. On the NY feed, there are a couple of
seconds at the top of the "CBS News Bulletin" slide where Cronkite can be heard
moving copy and/or the mic around before he begins speaking.

There was a whole thread about this sort of thing (how the left coast handled news bulletins and other break-ins back in the day) a while ago. I think it did rely mostly on the master control guy keeping an eye on the NY feed and punching it up as quickly as possible. Although, on 11/22/63, it's entirely probable that they had already seen the same AP and UPI copy come over the lines (it was a top-level flash that would have rang all sorts of bells and whistles), so I'm pretty sure they were aware of what was happening in Dallas and therefore expected an imminent network break-in.

But you bring up an interesting point that I had never thought about. It does seem like back in the day, when there was a news bulletin breaking into programming, there usually was a delay of several seconds of silent graphic before the bulletin was read. Perhaps this was deliberate to give affiliates who were not running live network at the time a chance to react?
 
Or to get the audience's attention, much as
a speaker will sometimes make a long pause
before saying something profound.

To answer two questions: on the West Coast,
CBS was airing Pete & Gladys, so I would suspect
Cronkite's bulletin interrupted it. CBS suspended
all regular programming by 2 PM (ET)/11 AM (PT),
so As The World Turns would not have aired on the
West Coast that day; I don't know if that episode
ever aired at all out there.

As to ABC, it was actually the ABC radio
network that had the first bulletin; Don Gardiner
had it at least five minutes before Cronkite broke
in on CBS television. Likewise, Dan Rather phoned
in an unconfirmed report that JFK was dead that
got on CBS radio; Rather has said it was the longest
wait of his life, since what if the report hadn't been
true? It was, of course, and Rather scored a "beat"
on everyone else.

Most Dallas viewers who were watching television
that afternoon probably heard the first bulletin when
WFAA broke into Julie Benell's popular local women's
show. But I don't know when the ABC network broke
in; I do know that all three were on the air with nonstop
coverage by 2 PM in the East.

As I've mentioned before, Ron Cochran and (especially)
Howard K. Smith and Edward P. Morgan were the mainstays
of ABC's coverage that weekend, while WFAA's Murphy Martin
landed a job at the network thanks to his on-the-scene
reporting from Dallas.

But yes, we have had a thread covering this same ground.
I don't think, however, that the four days of almost-nonstop
coverage (some networks signed off at night) has been equaled
or exceeded by anything except 9/11; that coverage went nonstop
for, what, seven days?
 
I might add that the networks notify the affiliates
just before a "special report" (sounds less ominous)
is about to come down, and that the full network
will be fed. Av Westin, in his book "Newswatch,"
describes what happened the day in 1981 that Pope
John Paul II was shot. ABC sent the notification at
11:28 AM (ET), and Barry Serafin was on the air three
minutes later. In the meantime, a pedestrian in Washington
happened to recognize Frank Reynolds on the street, told
him what had happened, and Reynolds returned to the
ABC newsroom to take over anchoring the coverage.
 
bpatrick said:
To answer two questions: on the West Coast,
CBS was airing Pete & Gladys, so I would suspect
Cronkite's bulletin interrupted it. CBS suspended
all regular programming by 2 PM (ET)/11 AM (PT),
so As The World Turns would not have aired on the
West Coast that day; I don't know if that episode
ever aired at all out there.

Well, don't forget the show was aired live on the East Coast, and was not pre-taped, so they never got to complete that day's performance, considering as it was only a few minutes into the show when it was interrupted, and I'm sure the actors were soon informed of the news and the fact that they were no longer on the air. They probably started the same episode over from the start when regular programming resumed the following week.

bpatrick said:
But yes, we have had a thread covering this same ground.
I don't think, however, that the four days of almost-nonstop
coverage (some networks signed off at night) has been equaled
or exceeded by anything except 9/11; that coverage went nonstop
for, what, seven days?

You know, I have always regretted that of the hundreds of books that were penned about that historic event, no one ever wrote a good, comprehensive history of how TV covered the tragedy. It was, after all, a major nexus or turning point for the medium, and brought Americans together in a manner that had never happened before. Such a book would have included behind the scenes accounts of the chaos of getting on the air with the first bulletins; the struggle to gather information, set up remote links, and make sense of it all as it was happening; personal accounts of how individual anchors and reporters were affected by the events, etc. Such a book may not have had a huge mass-market appeal, but would have been a perfect fit for one of those academic publishing houses like McFarland, etc. (And make a great required read for all broadcast journalism or production students...)

Sadly, it will never happen, as we are now almost 44 years removed from those days, and a good many (probably a majority) of the principal players have passed on. Just take NBC as an example. McGee, Huntley, Ryan, Brinkley -- they're all gone. And most of the technicians and execs are likely gone as well. We can look at archived videotape (where it exists and is accessible), pour over programming logs and such, and piece together the scattered, unrelated comments made by some of those folks here and there over the years. But I wish someone had sat down with them not long after the fact and laid out the story of what went on during those 4 days in network and local studios, control rooms, and executive offices. That would have been a fascinating read.
 
Stanislav said:
Well, don't forget the show was aired live on the East Coast, and was not pre-taped, so they never got to complete that day's performance, considering as it was only a few minutes into the show when it was interrupted, and I'm sure the actors were soon informed of the news and the fact that they were no longer on the air. They probably started the same episode over from the start when regular programming resumed the following week.

Right. The show was cut off at the second commercial break. I thought,
after I posted my comment, that they probably did redo the episode on
Tuesday, November 26, so as to keep the entire country together, else
the West Coast might have missed some key plot development (the big
things usually happen on Monday or Friday on the soaps).

Now I wonder how CBS handled the three soaps which aired before ATWT:
Love Of Life, Search For Tomorrow, and Guiding Light? In 1963, those shows
aired on the West Coast at (respectively) 11 AM, 11:30 AM, and 11:45 AM,
after all commercial programming had been suspended on November 22.
 
bpatrick said:
Right. The show was cut off at the second commercial break. I thought,
after I posted my comment, that they probably did redo the episode on
Tuesday, November 26, so as to keep the entire country together, else
the West Coast might have missed some key plot development...

God forbid! ::) Never mind that the leader of the free world had just been murdered in cold blood! (Hell hath no fury like a pissed-off soaps fan...)

bpatrick said:
Now I wonder how CBS handled the three soaps which aired before ATWT:
Love Of Life, Search For Tomorrow, and Guiding Light? In 1963, those shows
aired on the West Coast at (respectively) 11 AM, 11:30 AM, and 11:45 AM,
after all commercial programming had been suspended on November 22.

Good question, and one I never thought of. I suppose the options would have been:

(1) Repeat the taped copy of the 11/22 episodes for the entire country on 11/26. This would get everyone back "in sync," but subject Eastern and Central time zone viewers to a repeat.

(2) Pick up on 11/26 with the next scheduled episode, but allow the West Coast affiliates to show the taped 11/22 episodes at their discretion during non-network hours. That would be confusing, though, as schedules would not have been updated in time and many viewers wouldn't know the "missed" shows were being rebroadcast.

(3) Just carry on as if nothing had happened, and deal with the angry phone calls. ;)
 
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