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Buried Radial Length Same as Monopole Height?

So let's say I wanted to set up a part 15 AM transmitter on a site in the linked photo...
http://picasaweb.google.com/PianoPl...key=Gv1sRgCIer0efojpPg8AE#5501810777831424738
The property corners are marked on the image, and there is a distance scale on the lower left. The arrow marks where I do a lot of my outdoor DXing, and the transmitter site would probably be within several feet of that (although if another spot would work better, I would consider that). There is a general downhill slope north to south on the property, with a flat portion east of the arrow from about 7-10 feet south of the pool fence to about 15-25 feet or so north of the south property fence. There are septic tank leech lines underground in that area, and there was also sprinkler irrrigation as well, but it's not currently in use. (There had formerly been grass and several fruit trees in that area.) According to the FCC ground conductivity map, that is in an area where the conductivity is 8 mS/m.

Considering the limited amount of space, what would be a recommended ground system to use? Also how far would I expect the signal to go, if it's properly set up? BTW, on my Tecsun PL-380, which is probably a few dB less sensitive than R. Fry's PL-310, I can faintly hear 960 KIXW, being about 30% outside their 150 µV/m contour. The RSSI on my PL-380 is about 30dBuV there. In the upper portion of the band where I would likely transmit, the blank-channel indicated signal is 20-24dBuV on the PL-380. (In Campo, CA, I can hear 1090 XEPRS in the daytime with a weak but usable signal, even though that's about 3 times as far as the 0.5mV/m signal shown on the night pattern map (which the station uses full time). Indicated RSSI in that area on blank channels is approximately 15dBuV there.) The typical "noise floor" (indicated RSSI on unoccupied channels) is around 30dBuV across much of the lower portion of the band, although it dips to around 15-17dBuV at 520kHz, and peaks at around 43-45dBuV around 1150kHz, due to a 50kW (daytime) station 9 miles away on 1170 and a 10kw station 6 miles away on 1130. At night I get a "noise floor" up to 41-43dBuV from 740 to 780 due to a 50kW (nighttime) station 7 miles away on 760. My PL-380's specified sensitivity, according to the specs in the back of the manual, is 1mV/m with a 26dB SNR.
As for the close-in signal, like in the yard and in the house (east of the transmitter site - north is up in the photo), would it be too unreasonable to expect a 63dBuV indicated signal on my PL-380 throughout the entire property, with the signal possibly being strong enough to de-sensitize my PL-380 so it indicates 50dBuV several channels off the transmitter's frequency? Could I get a 63dBuV indicated signal (the max that my PL-380 will display) at the opposite corner of the elementary school campus about a thousand feet or a little more to the west / northwest?

Also, under a different rule, how would I calculate the transmitter power necessary to achieve a particular field strength at a particular distance, like 15,848 µV/m @ 30 meters at 13,560 kHz, using an electrically very short antenna? I've heard a figure of 4.8 milliwatts using a half-wave dipole, or a quarter-wave vertical over a ground plane. I would, however, be using an antenna that's a very tiny fraction of that length, without much of any ground, save for the chassis of the transmitter, or maybe the table or chair or other small metal object on which it is sitting, as it would be used indoors or in other very small spaces much of the time it's used. Also, how would I set it up indoors to mostly use direct wave, so I get the inverse distance field strength loss (31,696 µV/m @ 15 meters, 15,848 µV/m @ 30 meters, 7,924 µV/m @ 60 meters, 3,962 µV/m @ 120 meters, 1,981 µV/m @ 240 meters), rather than have the much faster groundwave absorption? I realize that I would mostly be limited to line of sight, although I can hear an FM station 212 miles away from Santa Barbara. I of course won't be expecting a range like that from this setup, though, as KVYB 103.3 is 105kW with a quite high antenna, and this would be a tiny fraction of that power within a few feet of ground level, usually in a flatland area or in a vallley.

Also, once or twice a year I may be at the Tulare County Fairgrounds for a few days (look them up on Google maps to get an idea where it is (in Tulare, CA) and how big it is. If an FM transmitter is operating from inside the largest white-roof building, would it be possible to legally have at least a 63dBuV indicated signal on the PL-380 throughout most of the fairgrounds property (not necessarily including the race track to the south - 48-54dBuV would be more than sufficient there)?
 
tfcwings said:
So let's say I wanted to set up a part 15 AM transmitter on a site in the linked photo... etc

A technically accurate response to your many questions would call for many assumptions, and still could be non-specific to your real operating conditions. Probably even that response would be three or four times longer than your post.

So you are asking quite a lot of whomever might decide to respond to your post in detail.

A general concept about the coverage possibilities of unlicensed Part 15 AM systems is shown in the paper I linked to a few posts earlier in this thread.

//
 
I will offer a brief qualitative answer to part of your question. First, I don't think the signal meter readings on these radios are very comparable from one model to another. I have the PL-310. Based on my recent experiments, I would say that you should be able to get a pretty strong signal anywhere on your property. Whether your radio will indicate 63 dBu is unknown with the supplied information. I wouldn't expect that kind of signal 1,000 feet away. At that distance, you'll be lucky to get a listenable signal on a VERY good radio, like a sensitive car radio or a GE Superadio. You will need a decent transmitter; e.g. Rangemaster or SSTran with external loading coil antenna (don't expect much from the floppy wire that comes with it). You will also need a decent ground system. From the shape of the area you have to work with, you'll probably have to use short radials in some directions. Keep in mind that for an AM band system, 10 or 20 foot radials are not very effective-- even if you put in a lot of them. A modestly efficient system might be constructed with 16 radials each 0.1 wavelength long (about 50 feet). That will take 800 feet of wire and a fair amount of work to install. From the photo, I'd have to wonder if your ground conductivity is really 8mS/m. It looks pretty dry and sandy to me. If the conductivity is poor, expect the signal to fall off rapidly after a few hundred feet. I would say that you would have a very usable signal on each of your nearest neighbors-- and possibly as far as 2 or three houses away. After that, it goes down in a hurry unless you have a very effective ground system and decent ground conductivity.

On the fairgrounds installation, you should not expect more than a few hundred feet of coverage from a legal FM transmitter. The limit is 50 uV/m at about 50 feet, which is already not that strong. That means 5 uV/m at 500 feet, which is all but impossible to hear except with a component grade tuner (not very common these days). Keep in mind that you can install multiple transmitters and you could use Wi-Fi radios (or cable) to pipe the audio signal to them. So it is certainly possible to "wire up" the fairgrounds with a half-dozen or so FM transmitters and cover the whole thing, if you can find places to install them and get the audio to them. Be careful, don't buy any transmitter that isn't FCC certified, and don't modify it in any way or you'll be asking for trouble!

I wish that I could be more optimistic, but it is best to have realistic expectations.
 
For those interested, here's a quick way to check your antenna+ground system to see if it's in resonance. First, turn OFF the transmitter. Then hold a portable AM radio close to the antenna (near the base usually works well) and tune to your frequency. If your antenna system is at or close to resonance, you'll hear a significant increase in background noise, or perhaps other stations that are on your frequency. You may have to experiment until you find the best position for the radio so that it couples efficiently to the antenna. You might be surprised at what you hear! I tried this with an SSTRAN and a Rangemaster and in each case, the signals on the channel came up 15 or 20 dB.
 
druidhillsradio said:
For those interested, here's a quick way to check your antenna+ground system to see if it's in resonance.

Resonance or radiating?

It will not be radiating anything generated by the Part 15 AM transmitter there, as it is turned off (per audioguy's post).

It will be receiving and re-radiating whatever signals and noise arrive at the antenna, and will do so much more effectively if/when that antenna system is resonant.

RF
 
It is a great tool, and I thanked audioguy for mentioning it.

I have used this method many times in testing or tuning an antenna before loading it for transmit.

If your coupling to the radio is optimal, it can tell you many things. ( By seat-of-pants judgement only)

1. How much more signal is coming from say, an external antenna vs the built in, even if the built in always stays connected.

2 A fair estimation of how good your external antenna is.

3, How much Q it has, as seen in how "sharply" any noted gain in signal "goes by" as you tune the antenna ( or antenna tuner)

4. Directionality of the external antenna, (maybe)


It won't tell you if there's going to be coupling in AC lines and/or any other re-radiation leading to annoying local hums in
certain radios in the near field.



If you DON'T hear some kind of a reasonant peak "go by" if you "know" you have the radio coupled (hopefully loosely) into the
circuit, then your tuning circuit is NOT achieving reasonance and a pt 15 signal into an antenna that can't be tuned to
some kind of reasonant behavior is going nowhere.

Even a mushy peak is better than none, and indicates low Q, high resistance somewhere.
A mushy peak is actually great for wideband high-fi AM, but hurts range.

If this seems hard to beleive, sometime find an old 60's AM car radio, and see just how much the antenna "trimmer"
did for making a 3 foot antenna "think" it was reasonant at 1620.

Anyone who HAS ever peaked the antenna trimmer on a car radio in the old days will know exactly what I'm talking about.
 
If this seems hard to beleive, sometime find an old 60's AM car radio, and see just how much the antenna "trimmer"
did for making a 3 foot antenna "think" it was reasonant at 1620.

Anyone who HAS ever peaked the antenna trimmer on a car radio in the old days will know exactly what I'm talking about.


Good point. I remember the trimmer just inside the door on may after market cassette and 8 track players.
 
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