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distance miles for digitgal station channels

stations that have different numbers on them can transmit thier signals from about 25 miles from the other tv station transmiiter on a different number-i am kinda confuse about the distances from one transmitter to another. ch 48 from san antonio,tx and ch 49 from austin. if a station has the same station number, on vhf what is the distance from one to another ( ch 11 victoria,tx and ch 11 houston,tx). chs. 10 and 13 a atms can not be closer to those channels, i think 108 miles. uhf stations can not be closer than 175 miles.i got trying to understand the distances from stations transmitters vhf same numbers ch 10 /10 from two different towns. two different vhf numbers chs. 7/8 for uhf numbers same nuymbers and the same numbers from one town to another. i know this might be confusing thanks
 
I think digital works diffrently because if you think about it, Channel 36 Austin is on Channel 21 and Channel 18 Austin is on Channel 22. I dont notice any diffrents reception on my DTV tuner. I just use a pair of rabbit ears instead of my outdoor TV antenna it can pull in San anotnio's channels good they even have a radar sweep on KENS 5. Thats usefull.
 
The term you're looking for is separation.  There are rules on separation set forth by the FCC that deal with co-channel and adjacent channel separation. 
The rules are different for VHF and UHF channels.  There are also different rules for digital signals since they behave differently.

You can find a list of all FCC regulations on their website fcc.gov
 
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