Peter Q. George (K1XRB) said:2) - FM never had any proprietary licensing fees. Now, HD on FM requires a greedy licening fee
The fee is really minimal for most major stations. And why is it "greedy" to get a proprietary license? Isn't that what Microsoft does...and does well? I don't know a major station that could operate without licenses from MS. Same thing for licenses for ASCAP/BMI, etc. Why is it "greedy"? That's just how some businesses run.
But for the small broadcaster, especially for the high-school, college or community broadcaster who doesn't have the same "footprint" that the major stations do and does not have the budget to afford it, it's prohibitively expensive.
Well, then again, so isn't the AP fee, ASCAP BMI license, MS licenses, etc., etc.
The answer is that no station is required to buy any of these licenses. Only if they choose to.