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How many channels did cable TV have in the 1970s?

In 1979 Lawrence, Kansas, had an expanded tier box with 23 channels. 2--13 were KC and Topeka local network, educational and independents. The upper channels included ESPN, which I remember showed a lot of Aussie Rules; a network called SPN (Satellite Program Network) that showed old movies and the first music videos I remember seeing, about 2 years before MTV came on; WGN; an AP newsfeed with weather stats; and I think HBO. Plus if I'm not mistaken, also USA Network. In 1980 they added CNN.
 
jbpdx said:
In 1979 Lawrence, Kansas, had an expanded tier box with 23 channels. 2--13 were KC and Topeka local network, educational and independents. The upper channels included ESPN, which I remember showed a lot of Aussie Rules; a network called SPN (Satellite Program Network) that showed old movies and the first music videos I remember seeing, about 2 years before MTV came on; WGN; an AP newsfeed with weather stats; and I think HBO. Plus if I'm not mistaken, also USA Network. In 1980 they added CNN.

A quick check on Goodle News Archive for the Lawrence Journal-World gives this line-up from April 1979:

2 KQTV-ABC St. Joseph
3 HBO
4 WDAF-NBC Kansas City
5 KCMO-CBS Kansas City
6 WTCG Atlanta/Sunflower Cable
7 KCPT-PBS Kansas City
8 KTSB-NBC/ABC Topeka
9 KMBC-ABC Kansas City
11 KTWU-PBS Topeka
12 KBMA-Ind Kansas City
13 WIBW-CBS/ABC Topeka

By comparison, here's what they had five years later:

2 MTV
3/16 HBO
4 WDAF-NBC Kansas City
5 KCTV-CBS Kansas City
6 Sunflower Cable/AP News & Weather
7 KCPT-PBS Kansas City
8 KSNT-NBC Topeka
9 KMBC-ABC Kansas City
10 WTBS Atlanta
11 KTWU-PBS Topeka
12 KSHB-Ind Kansas City
13 WIBW-CBS Topeka
14 KLDH-ABC Topeka
15 Cinemax
17 CBN
18 ESPN
19 Nickelodeon
20 USA Network
21 CNN
22 WGN Chicago

The Journal-World also listed KQTV and KC indie KEKR, but they were OTA only in Lawrence at the time.
 
Ellensburg WA cable, Oct. 1983 [source Ellensburg Daily Record]

2-
3-KNDO Yakima [NBC]
4-KOMO Seattle [ABC]
5-KING Seattle [NBC]
6-KIMA Yakima [CBS]
7-KIRO Seattle [CBS]
8-KAPP Yakima [ABC]
9-KCTS Seattle [PBS]
10-Record TV 10 [news, sports and classifieds]
11-WTBS Atlanta
12-ESPN
13-KYVE Yakima [PBS]
14-MTV [the print is so small and blackened out that I could only get part of the 4 out of the channel number]
15-Nashville Network
16-USA
17-CBN Cable Network
18-CNN
20-HBO
21-Disney Channel [which went off at 11 each night, it wouldn't go 24/7 until 1986]
22-Showtime
24-Playboy Channel

Aberdeen ID Cable, 1986 [from Aberdeen Times, small town newspaper with a "TV Log", about 20 mi NW of Pocatello]
2-Nashville Network
3-KIDK Idaho Falls [CBS]
4-WGN Chicago [IND]
5-ESPN
6-KPVI Pocatello [ABC]
7-The Movie Channel [only premium service they had! They passed on HBO!]
8-KIFI Idaho Falls [NBC]
9-WTBS Atlanta
10-KISU Idaho Falls [PBS]
11-Nick/A&E
12-USA
13-HSN

-crainbebo
 
A quick check on Goodle News Archive for the Lawrence Journal-World gives this line-up from April 1979:

It could have been late 1979 or early 1980 when they expanded past 2--13. Or the newspaper might have lagged in expanding listings. I forgot about WTBS. I checked a later edition and see CBN was on the upper tier too, plus the early CSPAN. USA was still called Madison Square Garden. Also forgot HBO was on cable 3. After they added CNN in summer 1980 they also added Cinemax. Takes me back to college days.
 
Thanks to everyone who has taken the trouble to reply. Really interesting stuff :)

I notice none of the lineups has a channel '1'. Is there a reason for this?
 
There is.

Channel 1 was almost never used for over-the-air TV (there's a lengthy and very good explanation here: http://www.tech-notes.tv/History&Trivia/Channel One/Channel_1.htm ), and was gone from the TV dial in the United States by the time cable TV started in the late 1940s.

Because those early cable systems didn't use converter boxes, they had to operate on the same channels as OTA TV, so they could be tuned in on the built-in tuners in TV sets. No channel 1 on the air, no channel 1 on cable.

Today, of course, digital cable systems can map any channel anywhere, so some do have a "channel 1," often a cable system barker channel, as it is on my system here in Rochester. (Perhaps the most famous "channel 1" is "NY1," the local all-news cable channel operated by Time Warner Cable in New York City. I believe it appears on channel 99 on cable-ready sets without a box.)
 
Muskegon, Michigan in the 70s (my grandparents) - above 8, it gets fuzzy as to which station was on which channel)

2 -WZZM - Grand Rapids ABC 13
3 - WKZO - Kalamazoo CBS 3
4 - WSNS - Chicago 44
5 - WKBD - Detroit 50
6 - WUHQ - Battle Creek ABC 41
7 - WPBN - Traverse City NBC 7
8 - WOTV - Grand Rapids NBC 8
9 - WWTV - Cadillac CBS 9
10 - WGVC - Grand Rapids PBS 35
11 - WGN - Chicago 9
12 - wFLD - Chicago 32?
13 - News Ticker

12 is a guess - I remember 3 Chicago stations (no WTTW), 9 & 44 definitely, thought it was 60 or 66, but those stations weren't on the air yet... 7 became a locally programmed religious station (cherry picking from religious programming). 6 was weather radar during ABC duplicate programming - ironic, since it is considered "in market". Head about 10 miles up the road, and you'd get Milwaukee nets too.

J
 
Jim said:
Muskegon, Michigan in the 70s (my grandparents) - above 8, it gets fuzzy as to which station was on which channel)

4 - WSNS - Chicago 44
11 - WGN - Chicago 9
12 - wFLD - Chicago 32?

12 is a guess - I remember 3 Chicago stations (no WTTW), 9 & 44 definitely, thought it was 60 or 66, but those stations weren't on the air yet...
...well, the main sports would be on WGN-TV/9 (especially Cubs and Bulls, and some years of Black Hawks), WFLD/32 (some years of White Sox and some boxing) and WSNS/44 (other years of White Sox and Black Hawks, as well as the NHL syndicated package), so that sounds about right...
 
There were a lot of places in rural South Carolina that didn't get cable until the late 1980s, some places even into 1990 and 1991. St. Stephen, N of Lake Moultrie, didn't get it until 1990.
 
In Oak Ridge, Tennessee (an early town to have cable TV due to the valley blocking nearby Knoxville reception) we had 12 channels in the 1970's. We had Oak Ridge Cablevision (now Comcast). Which just rolled out XFinity TV.
 
My grandparents in Lawrenceburg, Indiana, (a suburb of Cincinnati) had this lineup, from what I can remember, from about 1974 until their deaths in the late 1970s. I have never known of anyone either in Cincinnati or in Lawrenceburg that had a similar setup at the time. (Oh, how I loved watching TV at my grandparents' house!)

2 Dayton’s Channel 2, WDTN, NBC
3 Louisville’s Channel 3, WAVE, NBC
4 Indianapolis’s Channel 4, WTTV, then an independent station (it’s now CW)
5 Cincinnati’s Channel 5, WLWT, NBC
6 Cincinnati’s Channel 19, WXIX, then an independent station (it’s now Fox)
7 Dayton’s Channel 7, WHIO, CBS
8 Cincinnati’s Channel 48, WCET, PBS
9 Cincinnati’s Channel 9, WCPO, CBS
10 Oxford’s Channel 14, WPTO, PBS
11 Dayton’s Channel 16, WOET (now WPTD), PBS
12 Cincinnati’s Channel 12, WKRC, ABC
13 Dayton’s Channel 22, WKEF, ABC
 
Scott Fybush said:
I forgot to mention one clever way in which 1970s-/early 1980s-era cable systems managed additional capacity if they had enough programming available to exceed the typical 35-channel bandwidth at the time. (The amplifiers that were used along cable lines couldn't cleanly pass frequencies above 400 MHz or so back then.)

Some systems, primarily in fairly urban areas, actually built two sets of cable lines and put two drops into each home, with an A/B switch at each set allowing customers to switch from the "A" cable to the "B" cable. In theory, that could have allowed up to 70 channels; in practice, there wasn't enough programming to fill all that space yet.

I wonder when the last two-cable system went away? I think Cablevision in the city of Boston still had A and B trunks as late as 1991 or so...

Comcast in the Royal Oak (MI) South headend still had A and B cable until maybe sometime in 2011. (I downloaded a letter from Comcast noting the change from A/B to single cable about when the proposed changes were announced in 2010.)
 
mbclev said:
Scott Fybush said:
I forgot to mention one clever way in which 1970s-/early 1980s-era cable systems managed additional capacity if they had enough programming available to exceed the typical 35-channel bandwidth at the time. (The amplifiers that were used along cable lines couldn't cleanly pass frequencies above 400 MHz or so back then.)

Some systems, primarily in fairly urban areas, actually built two sets of cable lines and put two drops into each home, with an A/B switch at each set allowing customers to switch from the "A" cable to the "B" cable. In theory, that could have allowed up to 70 channels; in practice, there wasn't enough programming to fill all that space yet.

I wonder when the last two-cable system went away? I think Cablevision in the city of Boston still had A and B trunks as late as 1991 or so...

Comcast in the Royal Oak (MI) South headend still had A and B cable until maybe sometime in 2011. (I downloaded a letter from Comcast noting the change from A/B to single cable about when the proposed changes were announced in 2010.)

And in those areas that had A/B cable trunks (none that I was aware of in central and western Illinois), did some of those systems designate the "A" trunk as "basic cable" with local channels (and some out-of-market channels), shopping, C-SPAN, superstations, Weather Channel, maybe CNN and ESPN in their early days; and "B" for premium channels/expanded basic?
 
Cable TV of the 1970s coincides with my infancy, so I don't have any memories of the service before 1982 or so.

However, I unearthed an old brochure from my parents' files a while back. (It was good I noticed it, because the document was destined for the trash bin!) The brochure is from Total TV, a one-time cable operator in Beaver Dam, Wis. (a small town in-between Milwaukee and Madison). I believe the brochure is from 1978.

At the time, Total TV appeared to offer two tiers of service -- a standard 12-channel one and an extended option with 17 channels.

According to the brochure, here's what was offered in the standard package:

2 - WBAY, Channel 2, CBS, Green Bay
3 - WISC, Channel 3, CBS, Madison
4 - WTMJ, Channel 4, NBC, Milwaukee
5 - WFRV, Channel 5, NBC, Green Bay
6 - WITI, Channel 6, CBS, Milwaukee
7 - WTCG, Channel 17, IND, Atlanta -- about a year before the change in calls to WTBS
8 - WVTV, Channel 18, IND, Milwaukee
9 - WKOW, Channel 27, ABC, Madison
10 - WMTV, Channel 15, NBC, Madison
11 - WLUK, Channel 11, ABC, Green Bay
12 - WISN, Channel 12, ABC, Milwaukee
13 - CATV (presumably some type of local origination channel)

The extended package also offered the following:

7A - Beaver Dam Weather
8B - WPNE, Channel 38, PBS, Green Bay
9C - Reserved for future use
10D - WMVS, Channel 10, PBS, Milwaukee
11E - WHA, Channel 21, PBS, Madison
12F - Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN) -- today's ABC Family
13G - Special Features Channel (described as "various programs from several area TV stations on an occasional basis")

WTCG and CBN are touted as being brought in "via satellite."

At the time, Total TV also offered a 21-channel FM service from an assortment of surrounding radio stations.

The marketing materials from this era are fascinating. The front of the brochure has a new, shiny satellite receiver and the inside has a large, unsightly antenna with the headline, "Goodbye, Ugly." Clearly, this was cable TV's selling point in the early days.

I find the pricing information equally interesting. Total TV charged a $25 fee for installing cable on the first TV set in a home and tacked on $5 for each additional TV. A monthly $7.50 fee was assessed for the full 17-channel service, but there was no mention in the brochure of what the 12-channel tier cost. The FM outlet was an added fee with $5 for installation and a monthly service fee of $1.50.
 
milwaukee_dave said:
According to the brochure, here's what was offered in the standard package:

2 - WBAY, Channel 2, CBS, Green Bay
3 - WISC, Channel 3, CBS, Madison
4 - WTMJ, Channel 4, NBC, Milwaukee
5 - WFRV, Channel 5, NBC, Green Bay
6 - WITI, Channel 6, CBS, Milwaukee
7 - WTCG, Channel 17, IND, Atlanta -- about a year before the change in calls to WTBS
8 - WVTV, Channel 18, IND, Milwaukee
9 - WKOW, Channel 27, ABC, Madison
10 - WMTV, Channel 15, NBC, Madison
11 - WLUK, Channel 11, ABC, Green Bay
12 - WISN, Channel 12, ABC, Milwaukee
13 - CATV (presumably some type of local origination channel)

The extended package also offered the following:

7A - Beaver Dam Weather
8B - WPNE, Channel 38, PBS, Green Bay
9C - Reserved for future use
10D - WMVS, Channel 10, PBS, Milwaukee
11E - WHA, Channel 21, PBS, Madison
12F - Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN) -- today's ABC Family
13G - Special Features Channel (described as "various programs from several area TV stations on an occasional basis")

Did the "Extended package" require an A-B switch? And why were the PBS stations relegated to that package?

Was "channel 9C" which was "reserved for future use" eventually filled by WGN?

And was the overnight service from WBBM-2 Chicago among those program offerings available on Ch. 13G, the Special Features Channel? Did that channel also pick up any network shows (especially daytime game shows) preempted by the Milwaukee or Green Bay affiliates (most likely if they were cleared by the Wausau or perhaps Rockford affiliates)?
 
I recall some cable systems would "build" thier own channels by brining in different independant station on a shared basis,sometimes an hour from this one,a movie from another,etc - in the pre syndex days.
 
I know this doesn't exactly relate to the original question (only it was before my time), but I recall the Rockford (IL) Cablevision having about a 25-channel lineup prior to fall 1987, when they expanded and added several additional channels. I remember it being a big deal locally, especially in the local daily paper, the Register-Star, as they dedicated two-full pages to the new additions.

Among the new offerings, if I recall correctly, included BET, Univision (national feed), AMC, Bravo, and The Movie Channel. Just prior, the channel lineup was pretty basic--the four local stations (WREX 13 [ABC, now NBC; on Ch. 3], WTVO 17 [NBC, now ABC; on 4], WIFR 23 [CBS; on 5], and WQRF 39 [indie, now Fox; on 6]), WGN (on its customary Channel 9 position), WTTW 11 (PBS Chicago; on 11), WHA (PBS Madison; on 2), plus TBS, ESPN, HBO, Disney, Cinemax, CNN, Headline News, Nickelodeon, MTV, The Weather Channel, CBN, TNN, Lifetime, A&E, TEMPO (kind of a full-service network that eventually gave way to the creation of CNBC), a school board access channel (branded as "WGRE"; they also carried some PBS educational shows), and an electronic program guide channel (audio weather reports from the National Weather Service were included).

Besides the locals, I don't remember what channels numbers that the other networks were placed (although I do believe that TBS was on 17, just like it was on many other cable systems at the time). Also, even though they had the 35-channel capacity prior to its expansion, I was always surprised that Rockford Cablevision didn't carry any other out-of-town stations, like WFLD, WPWR or WGBO (all from Chicago) or WVTV and WCGV Milwaukee, or even set aside a channel for network pre-emptions (the Chicago network stations would have been the more reliable choice).
 
Did the "Extended package" require an A-B switch? And why were the PBS stations relegated to that package?

Was "channel 9C" which was "reserved for future use" eventually filled by WGN?

And was the overnight service from WBBM-2 Chicago among those program offerings available on Ch. 13G, the Special Features Channel? Did that channel also pick up any network shows (especially daytime game shows) preempted by the Milwaukee or Green Bay affiliates (most likely if they were cleared by the Wausau or perhaps Rockford affiliates)?
[/quote]


All good questions, Tim. As I mentioned, the brochure's origins coincide with my birth, so I obviously have no first-hand memories of this very primitive example of Total TV's cable service.

I have no idea how the extended service worked with the various corresponding letters to the channel numbers, though I would suspect some sort of A/B switch was used. I was a bit perplexed by the placement of PBS stations on the extended tier. You'd think at least one would've been on the standard tier.

I don't know when Total TV picked up WGN, but I would suspect it was added a short while after the brochure was printed. (Incidentally, 1978, the year of the brochure's origins, was the same year the channel was uplinked to satellite and became a superstation.) Like most of the midwest, Southeastern Wisconsin cable systems have a long history of carrying WGN, and almost always on Channel 9. I can say for certain Total TV had WGN in 1983 -- my earliest memories of cable TV. (At that point, they'd gone with the 36-channel line-up like many cable systems at the time.)

As for that special features channel, I would suspect it was a mishmash of programming from whatever stations could be picked up. As for the types of programming ... it's anyone's guess. But in the wild west, pre-Syndex days, I'm sure there were a bounty of options that likely included sports and movies.

I asked my folks over the weekend about Total TV, and my mom said they basically had cable because they didn't want to deal with the rabbit ears. Living in-between Milwaukee and Madison, they weren't guaranteed clear reception from any/all of the major network affiliates. My mom thinks, but isn't certain, they had the standard 12-channel package, thus no A/B switch.
 
I'm a bit surprised that the system carried both WHA and WPNE in the first place--especially since Milwaukee's secondary PBS station (WMVT) wasn't included. At the time, WHA probably wasn't carrying the entire Wisconsin Public Television network lineup--although it should've been very, very close. There probably would've been less overlap if WMVT had been carried instead.

Also, did Total TV's service area include parts of Green Lake and/or Fond du Lac counties? That would help explain why all of the Green Bay stations were included.

In terms of the Special Features Channel, my hunch is that there wouldn't have been any daytime shows that a network's Milwaukee, Green Bay, and Madison affiliates all didn't carry--not including the fact that WVTV itself did carry some preempted daytime shows.

[/quote]


I'm not sure of Total TV's full coverage area, EJM. I can say for certain they were based in Beaver Dam and served almost all of Dodge County. My parents happened to live in an adjacent community, Horicon, at the time. I remembered seeing information on their full coverage area back in the day, but I don't recall seeing any communities within Fond du Lac or Green Lake counties.

Incidentally, Total TV eventually stopped carrying any Green Bay stations. By 1983, they carried all the major network and PBS affiliates from Milwaukee and Madison, as well as WVTV out of Milwaukee. (WMVT in Milwaukee shared channel space with The Learning Channel.) The only out-of-market stations on their line-up at that point were the big three superstations: WTBS, WGN and WOR. (In 1985, I recall Total TV's successor, Jones Intercable, swapping WOR with WPIX.)
 
mbclev said:
Some systems, primarily in fairly urban areas, actually built two sets of cable lines and put two drops into each home, with an A/B switch at each set allowing customers to switch from the "A" cable to the "B" cable. In theory, that could have allowed up to 70 channels; in practice, there wasn't enough programming to fill all that space yet.

I wonder when the last two-cable system went away? I think Cablevision in the city of Boston still had A and B trunks as late as 1991 or so...

Comcast in the Royal Oak (MI) South headend still had A and B cable until maybe sometime in 2011. (I downloaded a letter from Comcast noting the change from A/B to single cable about when the proposed changes were announced in 2010.)
[/quote]

And was the A/B split still in active use up until 2011?
 
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