Head end refers to the location where all the signals are combined and processed for distribution. There are less head ends today, with cable companies using fiber between head end locations. For example in the Salisbury, Maryland market, the two commercial stations WMDT and WBOC have fiber feeds to Comcast, Mediacom and Verizon. WBOC is also the site for DirecTV, which takes the WBOC feeds CBS and Fox as well as the WMDT feeds ABC and CW. I do work for the RTV affiliate, a LD station in Rehoboth Beach, Delaware. He has a deal with Comcast to provide his commercials, as they also do for Verizon Fios (through Spotlight). They are going to provide the feed to WBOC so DirecTV can put of the feed. We not yet got the feed working yet, but hope to have it available soon. Dish network does not carry any locals, but they say they do. The give WHAG for NBC out of Hagerstwon, Md., while DirecTV provides NBC10 from Philly which makes a look more sense. Hope that helps explain head ends.