desertv said:
e-dawg said:
desertv said:
Most government -run broadcasters in the world take advertising, CBC in Canada, RTE in Ireland, the French and German state broadcasters, Channel 4 in the UK (It is a government controlled broadcaster)
What about the BBC, NHK, KBS, or RTVE (Radio Television de España)? They don't run any advertising on these public channels.
All those are paid for by yearly licenses on TVs and radios
Among those public broadcasters of the world that do have commercials, there are typically much more stringent regulations than with any private broadcasters in the country. In Germany, which has a relatively high license fee, the two nationwide public channels, ARD ("das Erste") and ZDF, air commercials, but only up until 8 PM, the traditional start of prime time. After 8 PM, there are no commercials, and even during the part of the day when advertising is allowed, the commercial load is lower than on the private networks. Also I believe that none of "die Dritten," the collection of regional public broadcasters throughout Germany, have commercials during any part of the day.
As far as I know, France Télévisions uses the same model as in Germany these days, in that their license fee-funded stations air only a limited amount of advertising before 8 PM each day.
To look at another case of how advertising is regulated, in the Netherlands Nederlandse Publieke Omroep is responsible for operating the country's nationwide public television networks, which used to be funded through a license fee but are now funded through income taxes. A comparatively small amount of advertising is allowed to be shown on the networks, but only
in between programming, similar to the longtime model followed by PBS in the sense that regular programming is not interrupted by commercials or messages.
With regard to Spain, yes, RTVE's television networks stopped airing commercials a few years ago, but no they are not paid for by television licenses. Spain is one of the few countries in Europe, and certainly the largest in population, to have never had a fee all TV owners must pay. Instead, the national broadcaster gets support from government grants (like PBS) and, since commercials stopped being aired, taxes paid by private broadcasters in the country. ETV in Estonia follows a a similar model, whereby the source of funding for the nationwide public television networks there is through direct government grants and not a license fee. Starting next year, Finland will also be a European country without a license fee, but replacing the fee to support YLE will be a progressive tax leveled on all but the poorest of citizens in the country.