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Just trying to stay legal

I know of a station that is having issues. I am not sure how many of the rules have changed since I have been out of the business.

What is the “time / day” limit a station can be off the air without filing an STA?*

If an AM is feeding a FM translator and there is a “catastrophic” transmitter failure can you get a STA run the FM translator only?

If you get a STA for 25% power on the AM can you still run the translator using the “25 mile” rule.

Is there a FCC “pamphlet, guide or PDF” in simple English that I can give a “novice” station manager who is clueless about the technical issues of running a radio station?

*I have was fortunate to work at stations that never took a severe lighting hit, and had generators or real reliable power.
 
I know of a station that is having issues. I am not sure how many of the rules have changed since I have been out of the business.

What is the “time / day” limit a station can be off the air without filing an STA?*

Off the air/silent, or operating at reduced power: 10 Days

If an AM is feeding a FM translator and there is a “catastrophic” transmitter failure can you get a STA run the FM translator only?

Yes, but I would get an STA so the Commission knows you will be running in that condition. 'AM transmitter failure, but still operating on associated licensed translator'. You may only get a 60-90 day authorization to operate in this mode though.

If you get a STA for 25% power on the AM can you still run the translator using the “25 mile” rule.

That depends on the class of station and associated protections for the AM. The translator coverage can't exceed the normal AM coverage. If the owner is trying to game the system by shutting off, or keeping the AM silent while making up the difference by altering the licensed performance of the translator, then the Commission will see right through it. Best to be open and honest as to the intent. Remember, the Translator is just another licensed station. In the eyes of the Commission, the translator will be still operating at the licensed values. That's why chances are the Commission will only give them an STA for 60 or 90 days, before they'll have to re-apply with good reason.

Is there a FCC “pamphlet, guide or PDF” in simple English that I can give a “novice” station manager who is clueless about the technical issues of running a radio station?

HA! No, not really. That's like asking whether there is a handbook for women explaining how men think, or the other way around.

*I have was fortunate to work at stations that never took a severe lighting hit, and had generators or real reliable power.

You must be doing the Contract Engineer thing for a small market station.
 
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