Well,
There are really too many variables now to draw any sort of a cogent answer. I think we can all agree that New Orleans’ days as a top-50 market are over, and that the City will be hard pressed to ever return.
To begin to get an idea of what the City will become from a population standpoint, we must keep these factors in mind.
First, Orleans Parish was poor -- very poor, indeed. In fact, according to Census data, nearly 30% of the City/Parish was living below the poverty level. OK, why is that important? People that have little have little to lose. Most of the impoverished New Oleanians have set up housekeeping in towns like Houston, Baton Rouge, Little Rock, Memphis, or the like. They have found places to live, put their kids in school, gotten jobs, and basically become a welcome addition to the communities they are in. So, flash forward a year, or so, when housing may (or may not) be available for these folks. Are they going to pick up stakes and start over again? Probably not. And the rich aristocracy of the City? They can afford NOT to return, if they desire.
How many people are we talking about? A bunch. While I have no breakout of how many people fall into various economic brackets, we do know that the City is 67% black. MOST, but not all, of those folks are poor. That’s a big drop in population that, in all likelihood, will not be returning. At least for now.
Second, the suburbs. Jefferson Parish had a population similar to Orleans before the storm – just under ½ million. Jefferson Parish is much more affluent than Orleans; only about 10% were below the poverty line. Unlike Orleans, Jefferson has a strong middle class. And, Jefferson was not as hard hit as Orleans. So, one might wonder if the population there will soon return to near-normal. Again, we can’t know. The problem is that Jefferson Parish, while separate from Orleans, has its economy intimately tied to the Crescent City. Many in the Parish commuted into the City, and then went home to Metairie, or Harvey, or Gretna at night. Those jobs are not there, at the moment. So, we have many of the same issues as we have in Orleans; if those in Jefferson find a place to hand their hats “temporarily,” will they ever return?
Of course, the suburbs don’t stop at Jefferson Parish. St. Bernard? Done. St. Tammany? A mess in spots. So, without the support of the suburbs and their populations, how fast can the Orleans-based jobs return? Yes, it’s a chicken-and-egg sort of question.
And, then one has to take into account the health of the New Orleans area prior to the Hurricane. Again, according to the census data, the New Orleans metro was growing at a rate significantly below the national average in the period running from 1990-2000. Surely, this does not bode well for the ongoing growth now. Further, New Orleans’ reputation for high-crime, poor schools and corrupt government will have to be addressed before significant progress can be made.
But, all is not lost. There are some folks who will return. Tulane University, New Orleans’ largest private employer, will be back up and running in the Spring. The hospitals will rebuild (although there is some question as to whether the private practice docs, who have lost their practices, will be back to full levels.) And, federal dollars will be flowing into the area like alcohol flows in the French Quarter. That, in itself, will help.
So, let’s guess here. Let’s look forward a year. Let’s just suppose that ½ of the populace has returned. That would give the region a population of ~500,000. Rankwise, that’s in the 80s, on par with present day Baton Rouge (although what will become of Baton Rouge is an interesting question; it could flirt with top-60, or so, if rumors are true). What happens 5 or 10 years hence is anyone’s guess. It all depends on what the new New Orleans looks like. Will they seriously address the serious infrastructure issues of the City, or just tidy up a bit? Will they really tackle the environmental mess left in the wake of Katrina, or just move some dirt around? While New Orleans is indeed in a tragic situation, it is also a clean slate. It really can make a better city. I am dubious, though, about whether that will happen.
Of course, I could be wrong about all of this.
DE