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Typically, with Muzak and similar services the fees are part of the package of services sold to the store (which may include equipment installation and rental as well). Muzak was known for producing cover versions of popular songs, thereby avoiding some of the rights fees (they would have to pay ASCAP/BMI/Sesac royalties to the composer, but they owned the performance rights on the music, thereby avoiding a fee for that).
Somebody may still be doing that--heard a tune somewhere (mall, Krogers..don't remember) that was obviously a toned down cover of the original.
I've seen in retail stores that probably have been "popped" by the ASCAP/BMI police, signage prominently posted on the counter near the register or in the area where the business license and certificate of occupancy is posted a certificate that indicates the store is a ASCAP/BMI license paying establishment...
Custom in store such as Wal-Mart/Target Sonic Drive-In etc most likely pay blanket rates through their corporate office. I'd bet on a play per basis rather than flat rate.
Depending on the size of the area being covered, the type of business, and the number of speakers, there may or may not be any royalties owed by the subscriber. Muzak and like type services are termed a "commercial music service" and pay a flat rate per subscriber in royalties of about $20 per year to each of the three music organizations. If the subscriber is covering an area larger than 2000 square feet in a retail situation with more than six speakers, then the subscriber owes royalties as well that are based on square footage and number of speakers. There is a base rate and a per speaker charge to get to the total - each music organization charges about $300 per year and about $30 for each speaker over six, so a large retail store like Walmart would owe a pretty substantial royalty bill. I don't know if there are any "blanket rate" deals - I do know Muzak pays the same as everyone else despite dwarfing them in size and number of subscribers.
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