Actually, skywave (what one thinks of when they think of "shortwave") works better higher on the band. As you go increasingly lower D-layer Absorption gets even more critical, and take-off angles get increasing more steep, making long-paths more difficult. BUT...
Groundwave effect is significantly better lower down, which is why the FCC is allowing an experimental amateur radio project on 500 kc for the next couple of years -- check around 500, and you might hear some slow Morse Code. But, the key to 530's signal is more an issue of 530 simply being a much clearer frequency. One would be amazed if one knew how far even the most diminutive signal carries via skywave, absent interference. That's why the noise floor is so high (often exceeding 20dB/S9) on those "local" channels -- 1230, 1240, et. al. All those signals are flying around; it's just the competition that drowns them out.
And, the water path does help. Turks & Caicos was chosen for a reason. And, BTW, there is also a 530 in Costa Rica.
Oh, and if you really want to see what super-power will do over salt water, check 800 AM, TransWorld Radio. Big power in Bonaire, just north of the South American Coast. You should hear it nightly on your car radio.
DE