Tim-In-Houston said:
In her autobiography, the late Katherine Graham states that the reason The Washington Post Company sold off (or, in reality, swapped) WTOP/WUSA was because of the then impending case, before the Supreme Court in the late-70s, on television and newspaper cross-ownership...The court eventually ruled that newspaper companies that had founded a tv station in the same market could keep it, but not before the WTOP/WWJ swap was completed. If it had gone the other way and the Grahams (who owned, and likely still own, nearly all Class-A voting stock in the company) had been forced to sell, they would have gotten significantly less for WTOP than the near-equal swap they made in anticipation.
There's a simple phrase used to describe it: GRANDFATHER CLAUSE.
It is important to note that about ten years earlier (it must have been between 1968 and 1970), the FCC started to crackdown on companies owning both a newspaper and a broadcast facility in the same market or area. It wasn't until 1975 that the commission finally made the ban a law. The goal of the FCC was to keep the airwaves accessible without ownership being concentrated. Small markets were the main target, places where the only local paper owned one of the two or three TV stations and one or two (1 AM, 1 FM) of the ten radio stations.
In Washington, there were two such examples of newspaper-broadcast cross ownership. In addition to the
Washington Post situation, the rival
Washington Star owned WMAL radio, WMAL-FM and WMAL-TV. Joe Allbritton was perhaps under the same pressure Katherine Graham was to sell something, so he chose to keep his television station. WMAL AM-FM went to ABC in 1977, and the newspaper went to Time Inc. the following year.
I'd assume that both the
Post and
Star requested waivers of the rule, but either it was denied or they never asked for one. Not every company in a similar situation was forced to sell off one or the other. The newspaper-broadcast cross-ownership situations that were eventually protected by grandfather clause included:
* WGN, WGN-TV and the
Chicago Tribune
WQXR, WQXR-FM, and the
New York Times
WPIX-FM, WPIX [TV] and the
New York Daily News
WBAL, WBAL-TV, WIYY and the
Baltimore News-American
WMAR-TV, WMAR-FM and the
Baltimore Sun
KRON-TV, KRON-FM and the
San Francisco Chronicle
WCPO-TV and the
Cincinnati Post
WEWS and the
Cleveland Press
WMC, WMC-FM, WMC-TV and the
Memphis Commercial Appeal
* WFAA-TV and the
Dallas Morning News
* WHIO, WHIO-FM, WHIO-TV and the
Dayton Daily News
* WSB, WSB-FM, WSB-TV and the
Atlanta Journal-Constitution
* WBNS, WBNS-FM, WBNS-TV and the
Columbus (O.) Dispatch
* WTMJ, WTMJ-TV and the
Milwaukee Journal
KSD, KSD-FM, KSD-TV and the
St. Louis Post-Dispatch
KTVI and the
St. Louis Globe-Democrat
* WFLA, WFLA-FM, WFLA-TV and the
Tampa Tribune
KPRC, KPRC-TV and the
Houston Post
* KSL, KSL-FM, KSL-TV and the
Deseret News
WHEC-TV and the
Rochester (NY) Times-Union...
...just to name a few. The ones marked with asterisks are still (at least partially) in existence today.