Probably not a smart meter, but it could very well be utility-related. Power companies will occasionally impress signals onto their lines for SCADA purposes (Monitoring substations, controlling switchgear, etc). The frequencies they use are generally between 50-150 KHz, but perhaps utilities in your area are doing something different. These signals are typically used on longer transmission lines, and don't pass through transformers well, but can be heard locally in close proximity to radiating transmission lines. Ive received it before here in my area but its been awhile. There are also some power line communication products out there on the consumer end (X10 protocol) operating at roughly the same frequency range.
The other possibility is you were hearing a mix product of two other strong local signals (intermodulation= sum or the difference of two frequencies, multiples of those frequencies, and associated harmonics)...
Either way, I'd try to get a recording next time you hear it.