Hi all, I just wanted to follow up with what I've found since my first post on this: nothing. Well, not nothing, but not what I was looking for, which is cheap and simple. Everything I found was exorbitantly - $100 to $300, and/or only had a few "channels" to work with. Some manufactures came close. There are devices such as the ADAM industrial control modules from Advantech, but I felt those are too expensive for what I want.
In the end, I decided that the only way to get what I need was to start hacking with microcontrollers, like "The Basic Stamp" from Parallax, Inc. But even these did not do what I want - the networking is where they failed to float my boat. I decided to ignore TCPIP from the getgo, as that involves wayyy too much technical overhead. I looked at 1-Wire, and I2C, but those didn't have the gazongas either. Then I started looking closely at CAN-Bus devices, and...bingo!!!
After doing much reading and comparing of low-level microcontroller-based communication networks, CAN-Bus is exactly what I've been looking for. It's a message based system, rather than address based, so all devices on the network hear all messages and act on them or ignore them, as they are programmed. It's differential half-duplex, and runs at either 400kbps or 1mbps. Microchip Corporation has nearly 100 different single-chip microcontrollers with CAN-Bus connectivity built in - for only a few dollars per chip. They also sell two chips, the MCP2515 CAN-Bus Protocol Controller, and the MCP2551 CAN-Bus Line Transceiver. The two are designed to work together and handle all the bus operations through the SPI interface of whatever microcontroller you choose, and provide both master, slave, and master/slave support - meaning they can both talk and listen.
All this being said, what I hope my end result will be is a network of relay closure detectors, with listeners that do "stuff" based on what they hear from the detectors. In their most basic form, the listeners would simply pass along a closure of their own to whatever equipment they are connected to. In more advanced forms, they could send serial messages to a BetaBrite, or control consoles, etc. In either case, each of the nodes would cost $10-$20. If I use an Mcu with a built-in CAN-Bus interface, it would be one 20-24 pin chip and a few passive support components. If I use the Mcu/controller/transceiver combo (preferred), it'd be three chips and a few extra components.
In the end, I don't know if I have the time/money/patience to develop this to fruition, but we'll see what happens.