Looking back, as I do each year. From Castleman and Podrazik's
"The TV Schedule Book" and the TV Guide Fall Preview issue from
Georgia (Atlanta), new shows in CAPS:
MONDAY ABC 7 PM (Local) or Ron Cochran With The News
(still 15 minutes, so some stations might have
carried it at 7:15)
7:30 THE OUTER LIMITS
8:30 Wagon Train (90 minutes this year)
10 PM BREAKING POINT (ABC's answer to NBC's "The
Eleventh Hour," the protagonists being psychiatrists)
11 PM Murphy Martin With The News
11:10 (Local)
CBS 7 PM (Local) or CBS Evening News With Walter Cronkite
(now 30 minutes)
7:30 To Tell The Truth
8 PM I've Got A Secret
8:30 The Lucy Show
9 PM Danny Thomas Show
9:30 Andy Griffith Show
10 PM EAST SIDE, WEST SIDE (George C. Scott as a New
York social worker)
11 PM (Local)
NBC 7 PM (Local) or Huntley-Brinkley Report (now 30 minutes)
7:30 NBC Monday Night At The Movies
9:30 HOLLYWOOD AND THE STARS
10 PM Sing Along With Mitch
11 PM (Local)
11:15 Tonight (Johnny Carson)
TUESDAY ABC 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 Combat!
8:30 McHale's Navy
9 PM THE GREATEST SHOW ON EARTH (Jack Palance as the
boss of the circus)
10 PM THE FUGITIVE
11 PM Murphy Martin With The News
11:10 (Local)
CBS 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 Marshal Dillon (reruns of the half-hour "Gunsmoke"s)
8 PM Red Skelton Hour
9 PM PETTICOAT JUNCTION
9:30 Jack Benny Program
10 PM Garry Moore Show
11 PM (Local)
NBC 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 MR. NOVAK
8:30 Redigo (last season's "Empire" cut to 30 minutes and
focusing on Richard Egan's character of Jim Redigo)
9 PM RICHARD BOONE SHOW (admirable but unsuccessful
attempt to have a repertory company do a different play each week)
10 PM Andy Williams Show/Bell Telephone Hour
11 PM (Local)
11:15 Tonight
WEDNESDAY ABC 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 Ozzie And Harriet
8 PM PATTY DUKE SHOW
8:30 The Price Is Right (new network and a new gimmick--celebrities
playing for members of the studio audience)
9 PM Ben Casey
10 PM CHANNING ("Mr. Novak" is set in a high school; this one set at
Channing College)
11 PM Murphy Martin With The News
11:10 (Local)
CBS 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 CBS Reports/CHRONICLE (the latter a series of documentaries
pertaining to world culture)
8:30 GLYNIS (think "Murder, She Wrote" with a laugh track--English
actress Glynis Johns as a writer who tries to help her detective husband
solve his cases)
9 PM Beverly Hillbillies
9:30 Dick Van Dyke Show
10 PM DANNY KAYE SHOW (regular Harvey Korman went straight from this
show to "The Carol Burnett Show" in 1967)
11 PM (Local)
NBC 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 The Virginian
9 PM ESPIONAGE (dramatizations of real spy stories)
10 PM The Eleventh Hour
11 PM (Local)
11:15 Tonight
THURSDAY ABC 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 The Flintstones (it becomes a kids' show this year--Pebbles has
already been born, and Barney and Betty adopt Bamm Bamm)
8 PM Donna Reed Show
8:30 My Three Sons
9 PM JIMMY DEAN SHOW
10 PM Sid Caesar Show/EDIE ADAMS SHOW
10:30 (Local)
11 PM Murphy Martin With The News
11:10 (Local)
CBS 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 Password
8 PM Rawhide
9 PM Perry Mason
10 PM The Nurses
11 PM (Local)
NBC 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 TEMPLE HOUSTON (Jeffrey Hunter as Sam Houston's son)
8:30 Dr. Kildare
9:30 Hazel
10 PM KRAFT SUSPENSE THEATER (Perry Como specials occasionally
air here)
11 PM (Local)
11:15 Tonight
FRIDAY ABC 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 77 Sunset Strip (only Efrem Zimbalist Jr. is left)
8:30 BURKE'S LAW
9:30 THE FARMER'S DAUGHTER
10 PM Fight Of The Week
10:45 Make That Spare (time approximate)
11 PM Murphy Martin With The News
11:10 (Local)
CBS 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 THE GREAT ADVENTURE (dramatizations of events
in American history--Van Heflin narrates the first half of
the season, then Russell Johnson replaces him--just before
playing the Professor on "Gilligan's Island")
8:30 Route 66
9:30 The Twilight Zone
10 PM Alfred Hitchcock Hour
11 PM (Local)
NBC 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 International Showtime
8:30 BOB HOPE CHRYSLER THEATER (a mix of plays that Hope
introduces, some in which he appears, and his patented variety specials)
9:30 HARRY'S GIRLS (Larry Blyden as manager of a female song-and-dance
trio deemed too old-fashioned for the U.S. but a big hit in Europe--bigger than
this show, which will be replaced by "That Was The Week That Was" in January)
10 PM Jack Paar Program
11 PM (Local)
11:15 Tonight
MON-FRI ABC 11 AM The Price Is Right (new network with the celebrity gimmick of the
nighttime show)
11:30 Seven Keys
12 N Tennessee Ernie Ford Show
12:30 Father Knows Best
1 PM General Hospital
1:30 (Local)
2:30 Day In Court
2:55 ABC News (Lisa Howard)
3 PM Queen For A Day
3:30 Who Do You Trust?
4 PM Trailmaster ("Wagon Train" reruns, mostly with Ward Bond)
5 PM (Local)
6 PM Ron Cochran With The News (still 15 minutes, so affiliates have
a choice of six feeds between 6 and 7:30, the rest of the time is local)
CBS 8 AM Captain Kangaroo
9 AM (Local)
10 AM CBS Morning News With Mike Wallace
10:30 I Love Lucy
11 AM Real McCoys
' 11:30 Pete And Gladys
12 N Love Of Life
12:25 CBS News (Harry Reasoner)
12:30 Search For Tomorrow
12:45 Guiding Light
1 PM SUNRISE SEMESTER (I doubt if many stations aired it at that time--
more than likely CBS was feeding for play the next morning while the affiliates
did their own thing--WAGA carried "Best Of Groucho")
1:30 As The World Turns
2 PM Password
2:30 Art Linkletter's House Party
3 PM To Tell The Truth
3:25 CBS News (Douglas Edwards)
3:30 Edge Of Night
4 PM Secret Storm
4:30 LEE PHILIP SHOW (she and husband Bill Bell created "The Young And The
Restless" and "The Bold And The Beautiful")
4:45 (Local)
6:30 (Local) or CBS Evening News With Walter Cronkite (now 30 minutes)
NBC 6:30 Education Exchange
7 AM Today
9 AM (Local)
10 AM Say When!
10:25 NBC News (Edwin Newman)
10:30 WORD FOR WORD (Merv Griffin hosts the first game show he also produced--
contestants try to make as many little words from a longer word as they can)
11 AM Concentration
11:30 MISSING LINKS (Ed McMahon is the host--in March 1964 it will move to ABC,
Dick Clark will become host, and NBC will put on a little game where you have to give
the correct question to a provided answer.)
12 N Your First Impression
12:30 Truth Or Consequences
12:55 NBC News (Ray Scherer)
1 PM (Local)
2 PM People Will Talk (will move to CBS primetime in April as "Celebrity Game," then
be retooled as "Hollywood Squares" and return to NBC in 1966)
2:25 NBC News (Floyd Kalber)
2:30 The Doctors (still in the weekly five-part story format)
3 PM Loretta Young Theater
3:30 You Don't Say!
4 PM Match Game
4:25 NBC News (Sander Vanocur)
4:30 Make Room For Daddy
5 PM (Local)
6:30 (Local) or Huntley-Brinkley Report (now 30 minutes)
SATURDAY ABC 10:30 The Jetsons
11 AM NEW CASPER CARTOON SHOW
11:30 Beany And Cecil
12 N Bugs Bunny Show
12:30 Magic Land Of Allakazam
1 PM My Friend Flicka
1:30 American Bandstand
2:30 (Local)
4:30 AFL HIGHLIGHTS
5 PM Wide World Of Sports
6:30 PREVIEW: WINTER OLYMPICS
7 PM (Local)
7:30 Hootenanny
8:30 Lawrence Welk Show
9:30 JERRY LEWIS SHOW (one of the great disasters of
television history--two hours live, unrehearsed, and disorganized)
11:30 (Local)
CBS 8 AM Captain Kangaroo
9 AM The Alvin Show
9:30 TENNESSEE TUXEDO
10 AM QUICK DRAW McGRAW
10:30 Mighty Mouse Playhouse
11 AM Rin Tin Tin
11:30 Roy Rogers Show
12 N Sky King
12:30 DO YOU KNOW? (middle-school kids are quizzed about books
they've been assigned to read)
1 PM CBS Saturday News (don't know who anchors)
1:30 (Local)
1:45 College Football Kickoff
2 PM NCAA Football
4:45 College Football Scoreboard (time approximate)
5 PM (Local)
7:30 Jackie Gleason Show
8:30 THE NEW PHIL SILVERS SHOW (he's factory foreman Harry Grafton)
9 PM The Defenders
10 PM Gunsmoke
11 PM (Local)
NBC 9:30 Ruff And Reddy
10 AM HECTOR HEATHCOTE
10:30 FIREBALL XL-5
11 AM Dennis The Menace
11:30 Fury
12 N Sergeant Preston Of The Yukon
12:30 Bullwinkle Show
1 PM Exploring
2 PM Watch Mr. Wizard
2:30 (Local)
5 PM NFL Highlights
5:30 Captain Gallant
6 PM NBC News (Sander Vanocur)
6:15 (Local)
7:30 THE LIEUTENANT
8:30 Joey Bishop Show
9 PM NBC Saturday Night At The Movies
11 PM (Local)
SUNDAY ABC 12:30 Discovery '63
1 PM Directions '64
1:30 Issues And Answers
2 PM (Local)
3:30 AFL Football
6:15 All Pro Scoreboard (time approximate)
6:30 (Local)
7:30 TRAVELS OF JAIMIE McPHEETERS (a break for Kurt Russell)
8:30 ARREST AND TRIAL (pre-"Law And Order": the first 45 minutes
is the arrest, with Ben Gazzara; the second 45 is the trial, with Chuck
Connors)
10 PM 100 GRAND (attempt to revive the big-money quizzes, unrigged but
so dull it's canceled after three weeks and replaced by LAUGHS FOR SALE,
where prospective comedy writers try to sell their material to a panel of
comedians)
10:30 ABC News Reports
11 PM (Local)
CBS 9:30 SUNRISE SEMESTER (again, I have a feeling the affiliates are merely
taping it for the next morning)
10 AM Lamp Unto My Feet
10:30 Look Up And Live
11 AM Camera Three
11:30 (Local)
12:30 Face The Nation
1 PM (Local)
1:45 Pro Football Kickoff
2 PM NFL Football
5 PM Sunday Sports Spectacular (time approximate)
5:30 Ted Mack's Amateur Hour
6 PM The Twentieth Century
6:30 Mister Ed
7 PM Lassie
7:30 MY FAVORITE MARTIAN
8 PM Ed Sullivan Show
9 PM JUDY GARLAND SHOW (not as disastrous as Jerry Lewis's show,
but a disappointment that's gone by April)
10 PM Candid Camera
10:30 What's My Line?
11 PM CBS News (Harry Reasoner)
11:15 (Local)
NBC 1:30 Frontiers Of Faith
2 PM (Local)
3 PM NBC NEWS ENCORE (reruns of documentaries)
4 PM SUNDAY (similar to the "Today" show)
5 PM Wild Kingdom
5:30 GE College Bowl (new network)
6 PM Meet The Press
6:30 (Local)
7 PM BILL DANA SHOW (he plays the now-politically incorrect
Jose Jimenez)
7:30 Walt Disney's Wonderful World Of Color
8:30 GRINDL (Imogene Coca as a poor man's "Hazel"--a maid who's
hired out to different people each week)
9 PM Bonanza
10 PM DuPont Show Of The Week/Specials
11 PM (Local)
"The TV Schedule Book" and the TV Guide Fall Preview issue from
Georgia (Atlanta), new shows in CAPS:
MONDAY ABC 7 PM (Local) or Ron Cochran With The News
(still 15 minutes, so some stations might have
carried it at 7:15)
7:30 THE OUTER LIMITS
8:30 Wagon Train (90 minutes this year)
10 PM BREAKING POINT (ABC's answer to NBC's "The
Eleventh Hour," the protagonists being psychiatrists)
11 PM Murphy Martin With The News
11:10 (Local)
CBS 7 PM (Local) or CBS Evening News With Walter Cronkite
(now 30 minutes)
7:30 To Tell The Truth
8 PM I've Got A Secret
8:30 The Lucy Show
9 PM Danny Thomas Show
9:30 Andy Griffith Show
10 PM EAST SIDE, WEST SIDE (George C. Scott as a New
York social worker)
11 PM (Local)
NBC 7 PM (Local) or Huntley-Brinkley Report (now 30 minutes)
7:30 NBC Monday Night At The Movies
9:30 HOLLYWOOD AND THE STARS
10 PM Sing Along With Mitch
11 PM (Local)
11:15 Tonight (Johnny Carson)
TUESDAY ABC 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 Combat!
8:30 McHale's Navy
9 PM THE GREATEST SHOW ON EARTH (Jack Palance as the
boss of the circus)
10 PM THE FUGITIVE
11 PM Murphy Martin With The News
11:10 (Local)
CBS 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 Marshal Dillon (reruns of the half-hour "Gunsmoke"s)
8 PM Red Skelton Hour
9 PM PETTICOAT JUNCTION
9:30 Jack Benny Program
10 PM Garry Moore Show
11 PM (Local)
NBC 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 MR. NOVAK
8:30 Redigo (last season's "Empire" cut to 30 minutes and
focusing on Richard Egan's character of Jim Redigo)
9 PM RICHARD BOONE SHOW (admirable but unsuccessful
attempt to have a repertory company do a different play each week)
10 PM Andy Williams Show/Bell Telephone Hour
11 PM (Local)
11:15 Tonight
WEDNESDAY ABC 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 Ozzie And Harriet
8 PM PATTY DUKE SHOW
8:30 The Price Is Right (new network and a new gimmick--celebrities
playing for members of the studio audience)
9 PM Ben Casey
10 PM CHANNING ("Mr. Novak" is set in a high school; this one set at
Channing College)
11 PM Murphy Martin With The News
11:10 (Local)
CBS 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 CBS Reports/CHRONICLE (the latter a series of documentaries
pertaining to world culture)
8:30 GLYNIS (think "Murder, She Wrote" with a laugh track--English
actress Glynis Johns as a writer who tries to help her detective husband
solve his cases)
9 PM Beverly Hillbillies
9:30 Dick Van Dyke Show
10 PM DANNY KAYE SHOW (regular Harvey Korman went straight from this
show to "The Carol Burnett Show" in 1967)
11 PM (Local)
NBC 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 The Virginian
9 PM ESPIONAGE (dramatizations of real spy stories)
10 PM The Eleventh Hour
11 PM (Local)
11:15 Tonight
THURSDAY ABC 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 The Flintstones (it becomes a kids' show this year--Pebbles has
already been born, and Barney and Betty adopt Bamm Bamm)
8 PM Donna Reed Show
8:30 My Three Sons
9 PM JIMMY DEAN SHOW
10 PM Sid Caesar Show/EDIE ADAMS SHOW
10:30 (Local)
11 PM Murphy Martin With The News
11:10 (Local)
CBS 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 Password
8 PM Rawhide
9 PM Perry Mason
10 PM The Nurses
11 PM (Local)
NBC 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 TEMPLE HOUSTON (Jeffrey Hunter as Sam Houston's son)
8:30 Dr. Kildare
9:30 Hazel
10 PM KRAFT SUSPENSE THEATER (Perry Como specials occasionally
air here)
11 PM (Local)
11:15 Tonight
FRIDAY ABC 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 77 Sunset Strip (only Efrem Zimbalist Jr. is left)
8:30 BURKE'S LAW
9:30 THE FARMER'S DAUGHTER
10 PM Fight Of The Week
10:45 Make That Spare (time approximate)
11 PM Murphy Martin With The News
11:10 (Local)
CBS 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 THE GREAT ADVENTURE (dramatizations of events
in American history--Van Heflin narrates the first half of
the season, then Russell Johnson replaces him--just before
playing the Professor on "Gilligan's Island")
8:30 Route 66
9:30 The Twilight Zone
10 PM Alfred Hitchcock Hour
11 PM (Local)
NBC 7 PM (see Monday)
7:30 International Showtime
8:30 BOB HOPE CHRYSLER THEATER (a mix of plays that Hope
introduces, some in which he appears, and his patented variety specials)
9:30 HARRY'S GIRLS (Larry Blyden as manager of a female song-and-dance
trio deemed too old-fashioned for the U.S. but a big hit in Europe--bigger than
this show, which will be replaced by "That Was The Week That Was" in January)
10 PM Jack Paar Program
11 PM (Local)
11:15 Tonight
MON-FRI ABC 11 AM The Price Is Right (new network with the celebrity gimmick of the
nighttime show)
11:30 Seven Keys
12 N Tennessee Ernie Ford Show
12:30 Father Knows Best
1 PM General Hospital
1:30 (Local)
2:30 Day In Court
2:55 ABC News (Lisa Howard)
3 PM Queen For A Day
3:30 Who Do You Trust?
4 PM Trailmaster ("Wagon Train" reruns, mostly with Ward Bond)
5 PM (Local)
6 PM Ron Cochran With The News (still 15 minutes, so affiliates have
a choice of six feeds between 6 and 7:30, the rest of the time is local)
CBS 8 AM Captain Kangaroo
9 AM (Local)
10 AM CBS Morning News With Mike Wallace
10:30 I Love Lucy
11 AM Real McCoys
' 11:30 Pete And Gladys
12 N Love Of Life
12:25 CBS News (Harry Reasoner)
12:30 Search For Tomorrow
12:45 Guiding Light
1 PM SUNRISE SEMESTER (I doubt if many stations aired it at that time--
more than likely CBS was feeding for play the next morning while the affiliates
did their own thing--WAGA carried "Best Of Groucho")
1:30 As The World Turns
2 PM Password
2:30 Art Linkletter's House Party
3 PM To Tell The Truth
3:25 CBS News (Douglas Edwards)
3:30 Edge Of Night
4 PM Secret Storm
4:30 LEE PHILIP SHOW (she and husband Bill Bell created "The Young And The
Restless" and "The Bold And The Beautiful")
4:45 (Local)
6:30 (Local) or CBS Evening News With Walter Cronkite (now 30 minutes)
NBC 6:30 Education Exchange
7 AM Today
9 AM (Local)
10 AM Say When!
10:25 NBC News (Edwin Newman)
10:30 WORD FOR WORD (Merv Griffin hosts the first game show he also produced--
contestants try to make as many little words from a longer word as they can)
11 AM Concentration
11:30 MISSING LINKS (Ed McMahon is the host--in March 1964 it will move to ABC,
Dick Clark will become host, and NBC will put on a little game where you have to give
the correct question to a provided answer.)
12 N Your First Impression
12:30 Truth Or Consequences
12:55 NBC News (Ray Scherer)
1 PM (Local)
2 PM People Will Talk (will move to CBS primetime in April as "Celebrity Game," then
be retooled as "Hollywood Squares" and return to NBC in 1966)
2:25 NBC News (Floyd Kalber)
2:30 The Doctors (still in the weekly five-part story format)
3 PM Loretta Young Theater
3:30 You Don't Say!
4 PM Match Game
4:25 NBC News (Sander Vanocur)
4:30 Make Room For Daddy
5 PM (Local)
6:30 (Local) or Huntley-Brinkley Report (now 30 minutes)
SATURDAY ABC 10:30 The Jetsons
11 AM NEW CASPER CARTOON SHOW
11:30 Beany And Cecil
12 N Bugs Bunny Show
12:30 Magic Land Of Allakazam
1 PM My Friend Flicka
1:30 American Bandstand
2:30 (Local)
4:30 AFL HIGHLIGHTS
5 PM Wide World Of Sports
6:30 PREVIEW: WINTER OLYMPICS
7 PM (Local)
7:30 Hootenanny
8:30 Lawrence Welk Show
9:30 JERRY LEWIS SHOW (one of the great disasters of
television history--two hours live, unrehearsed, and disorganized)
11:30 (Local)
CBS 8 AM Captain Kangaroo
9 AM The Alvin Show
9:30 TENNESSEE TUXEDO
10 AM QUICK DRAW McGRAW
10:30 Mighty Mouse Playhouse
11 AM Rin Tin Tin
11:30 Roy Rogers Show
12 N Sky King
12:30 DO YOU KNOW? (middle-school kids are quizzed about books
they've been assigned to read)
1 PM CBS Saturday News (don't know who anchors)
1:30 (Local)
1:45 College Football Kickoff
2 PM NCAA Football
4:45 College Football Scoreboard (time approximate)
5 PM (Local)
7:30 Jackie Gleason Show
8:30 THE NEW PHIL SILVERS SHOW (he's factory foreman Harry Grafton)
9 PM The Defenders
10 PM Gunsmoke
11 PM (Local)
NBC 9:30 Ruff And Reddy
10 AM HECTOR HEATHCOTE
10:30 FIREBALL XL-5
11 AM Dennis The Menace
11:30 Fury
12 N Sergeant Preston Of The Yukon
12:30 Bullwinkle Show
1 PM Exploring
2 PM Watch Mr. Wizard
2:30 (Local)
5 PM NFL Highlights
5:30 Captain Gallant
6 PM NBC News (Sander Vanocur)
6:15 (Local)
7:30 THE LIEUTENANT
8:30 Joey Bishop Show
9 PM NBC Saturday Night At The Movies
11 PM (Local)
SUNDAY ABC 12:30 Discovery '63
1 PM Directions '64
1:30 Issues And Answers
2 PM (Local)
3:30 AFL Football
6:15 All Pro Scoreboard (time approximate)
6:30 (Local)
7:30 TRAVELS OF JAIMIE McPHEETERS (a break for Kurt Russell)
8:30 ARREST AND TRIAL (pre-"Law And Order": the first 45 minutes
is the arrest, with Ben Gazzara; the second 45 is the trial, with Chuck
Connors)
10 PM 100 GRAND (attempt to revive the big-money quizzes, unrigged but
so dull it's canceled after three weeks and replaced by LAUGHS FOR SALE,
where prospective comedy writers try to sell their material to a panel of
comedians)
10:30 ABC News Reports
11 PM (Local)
CBS 9:30 SUNRISE SEMESTER (again, I have a feeling the affiliates are merely
taping it for the next morning)
10 AM Lamp Unto My Feet
10:30 Look Up And Live
11 AM Camera Three
11:30 (Local)
12:30 Face The Nation
1 PM (Local)
1:45 Pro Football Kickoff
2 PM NFL Football
5 PM Sunday Sports Spectacular (time approximate)
5:30 Ted Mack's Amateur Hour
6 PM The Twentieth Century
6:30 Mister Ed
7 PM Lassie
7:30 MY FAVORITE MARTIAN
8 PM Ed Sullivan Show
9 PM JUDY GARLAND SHOW (not as disastrous as Jerry Lewis's show,
but a disappointment that's gone by April)
10 PM Candid Camera
10:30 What's My Line?
11 PM CBS News (Harry Reasoner)
11:15 (Local)
NBC 1:30 Frontiers Of Faith
2 PM (Local)
3 PM NBC NEWS ENCORE (reruns of documentaries)
4 PM SUNDAY (similar to the "Today" show)
5 PM Wild Kingdom
5:30 GE College Bowl (new network)
6 PM Meet The Press
6:30 (Local)
7 PM BILL DANA SHOW (he plays the now-politically incorrect
Jose Jimenez)
7:30 Walt Disney's Wonderful World Of Color
8:30 GRINDL (Imogene Coca as a poor man's "Hazel"--a maid who's
hired out to different people each week)
9 PM Bonanza
10 PM DuPont Show Of The Week/Specials
11 PM (Local)