In the FM world there is much more of a standardized idea of what a receiving antenna is, looks like, "acts like" electrically.
In the AM world... or in the world of long wave and medium wave, the format of antennas is all over the place. A big long wire stretched from the window to a tall tree. A loop of wire with several turns around a supporting frame. A little whip like a car radio. And the "transmission line" that may be used to get from the actual antenna in the attic or outside the building can have various formats.
The beauty of that A.M. connectors on your radio is that if you do your homework and figure out what kind of antenna would work best for you, then you will understand how it should hook up to your radio and those two little connectors give you maximum flexibility.
I sometimes think they are a bit of window dressing. I used to connect external AM antennas to radios "back in the day" with pretty good results. Today's radios... even with clips for the purpose, seem to be a bit "antenna agnostic". But maybe I just haven't done my homework. ;D