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Trees as MW Antennas

The spot where I hear increased signal is not a place I can easily stop the car and examine.
There are two, actually, very close to each other, but each tree has a nearby metal street light pole.
It may be that these, fed by individual wiring over (crossing at a weird diagonal) the roadway, are well grounded and creating a local field.
However, there are a number of such wires/light pole, but only the two near the trees in question seem to have the rf field anomaly.

Both trees are quite close to the road, and I can't say for sure but they look like maples.
This is about 200 feet from the "upper", stream-like section of the Chicago River.
 
From near Belvidere, NC today at around 4:00 PM EST, I did some experimenting with a Grundig portable radio in the back yard. Tried all sorts of trees; oak, hickory, sweet gum, maple, pine and some 50 foot hollies. Most of the trees would give a signal strength increase that seemed to be non-directional in that it would boost the signal of all stations heard on the channel selected with the radio oriented in different bearings and placed around the tree in different positions. But there is one large sweet gum tree that is by itself in a clearing away from the woods. This tree was different in that it provided a directional signal boost. The best example was on 580 kHz. Away from the tree, there was something heard but the audio was too weak to understand. Placing the radio against the tree, 580 came to life with two stations battling it out. With the radio oriented east-west, on the north side of the tree, WHP Harrisburg, PA (~270 mi) was loud and clear. With the radio still oriented east-west but on the south side of the tree, WDBO Orlando, FL (~590 mi) was loud and clear. So this particular tree appeared to boost the signal only on the side towards the station and to block the opposite signal with the trunk. This was not noticeable on the other trees in the woods that were all clustered together. It seems to confirm the findings of others here on the board. I’ll do some more experimenting and report back.
 
Ages ago at my former house, I had nailled a length of shielded coax cable to a 70' giant cedar tree just outside my 2nd storey bedroom window, about two or three feet away, and connected it to a jack I wired into the DX-375 (my old Rat $hack Grundig clone.) Actually worked rather well until KKOV (still KVAN at the time) decided to jack up their power. There were times I was actually able to receive KKOH (780) in the daytime, faintly and mostly garbled by KXL's sideband, but still audible enough.

"I wish John Kraus and O.G. Villard, Jr. were still around to ask these questions. They probably thought of or experimented with all of it."

I'd always heard George Squier (the guy who went on to found the company that would become Muzak) came up with the idea when he was in the Signal Corps during World War I.
 
Oops .. was testing something for formatting, and accidentally clicked post instead of preview. I've done some experimenting with fences & utility ground wires as antennas and am working on putting a post together, but it's not ready yet. Meanwhile here are a couple videos to check out.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyhuL8sdNeU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ay5k3txG_Q
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7S15FZHrLk

Also I remember a post where rbrucecarter5 mentioned he'd be driving under a set of power lines near Dallas, TX, and hear KTAR Phoenix, AZ over the top of local 620 KMKI in one particular spot. Do you have more info on that?
 
Just for fun yesterday afternoon at around 3PM EST here in Central VA, I took my Sangean ATS-803 out in the woods.

Daytime MW around here is usually not spectacular, and still wasn't, but I was able to pull in 1010 CFRB with about an S2-S3 when the radio was placed against a 50 ft or so white oak. I can't hear it any other way or time, and at night WINS wipes it out. Very interesting and something I will check out further when time permits.
 
Rich, can you think of any way to model the trees electrically? I would think that you could if you knew the conductivity/resistivity of the tree and the dimensions of the trunk and branches. The branches would probably act like top loading. I would intuitively think it would act like a big carbon resistor.

Anyone know of cases where trees affected a directional pattern? I know they absorb the signal but I don't know about reradiation.
 
Schroedingers Cat said:
Rich, can you think of any way to model the trees electrically?

No, but I'll try to research that.

Anyone know of cases where trees affected a directional pattern?

I just went back out to my pin oak tree, tuned in the 790 kHz station east of me, and found that the field improvement when the rx is held against the east side of the trunk is completely gone when the receiver is moved to the east about 15 feet. So this is quite localized, and probably wouldn't have much of an affect on a DA unless an MP was poorly located.
 
Ok here are some of my experiments with using chain-link fences and utility pole ground wires as antennas with my Tecsun radios. :)  They are mostly posted in reverse chronological order (newest first in each section - first the fences, then the utility grounds.  I haven't tried much with trees yet.  Also not shown here are setting the radio on top of my two Baldwin Hamilton upright pianos (where the cast iron frame is), putting the radio next to a few electrical outlets in the house (or next to the breaker box in the coat closet), or setting the radio on the bathroom floor over the water pipe leading out from the tub.  Anyone got any other ideas to try? :)

First, the stations aided by fences:

_________________________________________________

Here's a partial bandscan recorded 2012-01-25 around 5:15am PST with the PL-606 on a barbed-wire fence across the street running north/south.  This one is 9 minutes 25 seconds long.
Normal barefoot readings on some of the strong stations are:
540 ~ 54 dBµ ; 600 ~ 68 dBµ ; 690 ~ 60 dBµ ; 760 ~ 80 dBµ ; 800 ~ 52 dBµ ; 860 ~ 54 dBµ ; 910 ~ 70 dBµ ; 950 ~ 50 dBµ ; 1040 ~ 44 dBµ (currently off air) ; 1090 ~ 52 dBµ ; 1130 ~ 75 dBµ (not in video except possible splatter onto 1120)

_________________________________________________

These two were recorded using the PL-606 on 2012-01-23 in the mid afternoon, with the aid of the SAT and a chain-link fence surrounding an elementary school campus just behind my back yard.


                               Dist       Hdg °    mV/m @ 1km   Watts         Barefoot           Select-A-Tenna     SAT + Util Gnd
Freq                           km         To       RMS          TX Out        RSSI dBµ           RSSI dBµ           RSSI dBµ       
CALL     City of License, ST   miles      From     @ From Hdg   ERP Hdg       S/N dB             S/N dB             S/N dB         
------   -------------------   --------   ------   ----------   -----------   ----------------   ----------------   ---------------- 

1620                                      207.8                      10       22                 39 - 40            52 - 54
WNSB415  San Ysidro, CA           15.00                              10       13 - 18            17 - 22            25 (24)


1000                              60.54   330.24       531.45     2,500       35 - 36            60 - 61            74
KCEO     Vista, CA                37.62   150.06       782.54     3,681.155   25                 25                 25



_________________________________________________

This is a few LW signals on the PL-606 + barbed-wire fence across the street (pointing north/south) at around 2:40pm PST on 2012-01-17.

Beacon 400 ENS is 111.81 km / 69.476 mi at a heading of 163.227°.  Power is unknown.
Beacon 397 SB is 148.959 km / 92.559 mi at a heading of 344.934°, and runs 50 watts.

The DGPS signal on 302 kHz is 29.871 km / 18.561 mi distant at a heading of 249.436°.  Power is unknown.  On the fence it indicates around 26-27 dBµ / 25 dB S/N, and barefoot it's 15 dBµ and around 22-24 dB S/N.  It briefly flashes 15/25 once or twice (the lowest normally possible dBµ reading combined with the highest possible (on AM) S/N reading).

_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Now here are some using utility pole grounding wires:
_________________________________________________

Here's KOGO on the Tecsun PL-398mp with the Select-A-Tenna and utility groundwire in my front yard.  I start at 600 where the reading is 95 dBµ, tune up to 612 where it's 68-70 dBµ (and occasionally 72), then back down to 600.  (I also edited part of it out to shorten the video.)  Normally 600 KOGO indicates about 68 dBµ using only the stock loopstick antenna.

Distance = 12.44 km / 7.73 mi
Heading = 249.21° To / 69.15° From
mV/m @ 1 km = 726.48 RMS / 501.99 @ Fr Hdg
Power (Watts) = 5,000 TPO / 2,387.332 ERP

_________________________________________________

Next, this is 1170 KCBQ on the Tecsun PL-606, recorded about 0.1 mi N of my house.

Distance = 14.9 km / 9.26 mi
Heading = 7.42° To / 187.43° From
mV/m @ 1 km = 2628.2 RMS / ~ 3935 @ Fr Hdg
Power (watts) = 50,000 TPO / 112,083.75 ERP

_________________________________________________

Continued in the next post ....
 
Continued from previous post ...

_________________________________________________

The following were recorded on the Tecsun PL-606 at 33.3292 N, 117.0006 W on 2012-02-13 in the early afternoon.  External antennas used (in addition to the stock loopstick) included the Select-A-Tenna, Utility Ground (omitted on 830 KLAA) and combination.  It was a rainy day, which should explain the water droplets on the camera's lens and the radio.


                               Dist       Hdg °    mV/m @ 1km   Watts         Barefoot           Select-A-Tenna     Util Grnd Wire     SAT + Util Gnd
Freq                           km         To       RMS          TX Out        RSSI dBµ           RSSI dBµ           RSSI dBµ           RSSI dBµ        
CALL     City of License, ST   miles      From     @ From Hdg   ERP Hdg       S/N dB             S/N dB             S/N dB             S/N dB          
------   -------------------   --------   ------   ----------   -----------   ----------------   ----------------   ----------------  ----------------- 

1110                             126.92   313.70     2,257.30    50,000       19 - 20            39 - 40            58 - 59            70 - 71
KDIS     Pasadena, CA             78.87   133.14     3,356.21   110,532.424   14 - 18            25                 25                 25


830                              87.66   319.65       302.00    50,000       35 - 36            54 - 55                               86 - 87
KLAA     Orange, CA               54.47   139.31     2,135.46    50,000       25                 25                                    25


640                             111.96   303.42       374.98    50,000       30 - 32            50 - 51            69 - 71            81 - 82
KFI      Los Angeles, CA          69.57   122.86     2,651.51    50,000       25                 25                 25                 25


600                             67.91    185.44       726.48     5,000       26 - 27            47                 66 - 68            78 - 79
KOGO     San Diego, CA           42.20      5.40       286.77       779.094   20 - 24            25                 25                 25


_________________________________________________

This is 760 KFMB on the PL-606 with SAT + Util Ground, recorded in my front yard.  KFMB is 11.75 km / 7.3 mi distant at a heading of 320.58° to / 140.54° from the station.  Normal signal readings are about 70-72 dBµ daytime and about 80-82 dBµ nighttime.

Day mV/m @ 1 km = 304.17 (for 1 kW) / 680.14 mV/m (for 5 kW) non-directional ; Day TPO = 5,000 watts
Night mV/m @ 1 km = 2,153.1 mV/m RMS / 1995 mV/m @ Fr Hdg
Night Power (Watts) = 50,000 TPO / 38,935.773 ERP

I noted a brief 07 dBµ / 18 dB S/N reading at about 0:02 during one of the day/night switches.  This is probably due to the signal being so high that it cycles around and should say 107 dBµ before it desenses and settles on 98 dBµ.  Normally the radio only displays from 15 to 98 dBµ.

I have figured out how to get the PL-398mp to display below 15 dBµ, and not so quickly go to 50/00 readings off-channel near strong signals, possibly improving the listenability of some weak signals - more on that in another thread when / if I get around to it.  If anyone wants to try it in the meantime, though (I think the PL-398BT may also work, not sure about any others though), switch to SW, hold the VF button til it starts scanning, quickly flick the tuning knob down.  The background noise level should come up and depending on your environment you should have a 00/00 reading or thereabouts if you stopped on a blank channel.  Go back to AM or LW and tune around.  For example, 1110 KDIS goes from about 43/00 and barely audible to about 22/teens or so depending on the bandwidth setting and becomes quite listenable.  Switching to FM or switching the radio off resets it to default operation.

_________________________________________________

These videos were recorded using the Tecsun PL-606 on 2012-01-20 in the mid afternoon in my front yard:

                               Dist       Hdg °    mV/m @ 1km   Watts         Barefoot           Select-A-Tenna     SAT + Util Gnd
Freq                           km         To       RMS          TX Out        RSSI dBµ           RSSI dBµ           RSSI dBµ       
CALL     City of License, ST   miles      From     @ From Hdg   ERP Hdg       S/N dB             S/N dB             S/N dB         
------   -------------------   --------   ------   ----------   -----------   ----------------   ----------------   ---------------- 

1550                              28.45   193.96       325.00     1,000       29 - 31            48 - 50            84 - 86          
XEBG     Tijuana, BCN             17.68    13.92       325.00     1,000       24 - 25            25                 25               


1280                             167.13   314.00       345.37     1,000       24 - 25            43 - 44            60 - 61  --> 55
KFRN     Long Beach, CA          103.85   133.28       448.08     1,683.224   12 - 19            19 - 25            18 - 25  --> 24


1070                             178.71   313.51       400.73    50,000       44 - 46            65 - 66            78 - 80
KNX      Los Angeles, CA         111.04   132.74     2,833.59    50,000       25                 25                 25


990                             146.09    94.32       318.85     5,000       22 - 23            35 - 43            63 - 65  --> 60
XECL     Mexicali, BN             90.78   275.16       712.97     5,000        6 - 17            11 - 25            23 - 25  --> 22

990                             316.31   307.69       692.00     5,000       22 - 23            35 - 43            63 - 65  --> 60
KTMS     Santa Barbara, CA       196.54   126.18        40.41        17.05     6 - 17            11 - 25            23 - 25  --> 22


870                             193.72   322.51     2,384.19    50,000       19      -> 22      35 - 36            55 - 58    (57)
KRLA     Glendale, CA            120.37   141.81       633.70     3,532.285   09 - 10 -> 06-09   24 - 25            23 - 25    (16)


740                             148.68   297.00       959.17    10,000       47 - 49            65 - 67            84 - 87
KBRT     Avalon, CA               92.38   116.23      1541.46    13,974.582   25                 25                 25


_________________________________________________

Lastly, here are two videos of 1170 KCBQ on the PL-606, recorded near 32.893838, -116.927889 on 2011-11-03 around 7:49am PDT and 8:02am PDT.  The Select-A-Tenna and utility ground wire were used in both vids.

Distance to the center of the 4-in-line towers used for daytime operation was 216.56 meters / 710.5 feet, at a bearing of 226.48°.  Distance to the nearest tower was 92.448 meters / 303.308 feet.
RMS field at 1 km is 2,628.2 mV/m, and the field at 227° at 1 km is 5280.6 mV/m.  This yields, for a transmitter output of 50,000 watts, an ERP of 201,845.804 watts.

Near the end of the first video, the Si4734 DSP chip apparently shut down from the somewhat strong signal and the controls became unresponsive.  Removing the PL-606 from the SAT + Util Grnd didn't re-enable the power off button or other controls, so after stopping the video I took the batteries out.  I tried to reinstall them promptly, and it wouldn't turn on.  So, I rode a couple miles around the neighborhood checking out reception of other signals in the area on my other radios.  After about 8 to 10 minutes or so I tried reinstalling the batteries in the PL-606, and it had resurrected itself.  Knowing similar things have happened before and the radio was fine after a little recovery time, I returned to the site to continue the experiment.  (It still works now, but has a broken display.  The signal strength part still works, but not the frequency.)

I guess leave it to me to be curious as to A - what the approximate field intensity is there (ground conductivity is 8 mS/m according to the M3 map if that matters) and B1 - how close would I have to get to have the same effect with NO antenna (including removing the internal ferrite rod), considering I frequently get 50+ dB gain over the ferrite in other videos and B2 - what might the field intensity be?  Oh and C - same question, but using a crystal set with no antenna and good enough tuned stages to separate 910 from 1170 (both co-located, 910 running 5 kW) when you're far enough away to not be overloading the set. :)  (I have done that there with 1170 so that it had distorted audio on its frequency, but that was by using the SAT and utility ground wire.  Unfortunately I don't have a video of it, but I do have audio.)
Better yet, how would I properly calculate those fields myself? There are other situations I'd like to figure out and I don't want to continually bombard Rich with these questions if there are alternate ways to get answers. :)
 
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