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What do 44c stamps and AM Radio have in common?

As I follow all the "what can we do to retool?" discussions about the post office ... I'm struck by the similarities between challenges faced by radio and the challenges faced by the Post Office. Both seem to be "stuck" on a model established years ago and facing problems because the people in the industry keep trying to keep those old rules & ideas alive. If the Post Office took more of a "how do we fit in society in light of email, UPS/FedEx, online commerce, etc." they would probably have a better shot at creative ideas to keep the model alive. (Not to mention other ideas such as boosting bulk mail rates for commercial purposes, etc. -- or having more creative ideas than the union saying "let's do a marketing campaign"!!). First thing I'd be evaluating in the post office model is whether it makes sense to drop to a 3-day delivery (M-W-F), and give up high-priority shipping to FedEx/UPS -- or continue the "Express Mail" concept if the USPS wants to be a player in the rapid-turnaround arena.

In radio's case...of course it bit its own butt by demanding such consolidation that station values became unrealistic. Consolidation was a good CONCEPT ... but taken beyond a degree of "being reasonable" is what screwed the pooch by creating the opportunity to incur debt that would be impossible to repay. Having one operation do four or six stations makes sense...though we are now at the point where it is next generation and into the "how do we create national networks with minimal/no local effort". Certainly the FCC will never bring the horse back into the barn by auditing the amount of local concent out there. But I do so see some opportunities for market quotas based on market size -- where perhaps a target of "x" locally-programmed stations (in top 50) or "y" locally-programmed stations (markets below that, for example) might make sense -- and other licenses can be awarded as network repeaters up to a max per market. With that quota system you'd at least run the chance that they could all be viable in their own way -- and yet the community still has a choice between wall/wall automation in various formats and some local presence for coverage and emergency preparedness (mostly wx).

In both cases...the issue is that demand has dropped (despite what Bob Pittman tries to tell us). Yet neither service seems inclined to respond to changing demand -- they just keep messing with variables and wonder where it has gone.
 
LBB,

Canada went the nationally controlled content route and it hasn't helped AM in that country. They've had and encouraged their AM's to shut down and migrate to FM.
I am sure the FCC would just as soon see AM die out and free the spectrum for another auction. I don't think more government reg is the answer for AM's troubles. The FCC can barely keep up with what's on their plate now. Monitoring program content would be an incredible red tape boondogle.
 
TowerLamp said:
I am sure the FCC would just as soon see AM die out and free the spectrum for another auction.

Even if the AM band wasn't a worldwide broadcast allocation, what other service would pay money for a small (by today's standards) 1.1 MHz strip of spectrum that is affected by the ionosphere - a liability in 2011, not an asset like it was decades ago? Digital transmission methods are no good here (for example, IBOC has never worked well) and who else would want to use full-carrier AM? The AM broadcast band won't die out completely, but it could use about 75% less stations so the rest (those that can't or won't move to FM) can have a better shot at survival.
 
Actually I'm ON the page that AM should die. If I had my druthers...we would go one-band digital (or just FM for interim) ... but my question is whether in this day we NEED 60 signals in each market? If you reserve "x" number that MUST do local programming....seems like it would still be viable. Been watching Canada for years (worked there too). In Calgary, for example...we once had about 5 signals ... only one was AM. As they have added and added ... what they have added is format redundancy, not necessarily better service. Fine under the old financial conditions...but when you get all the competing media technologies in the mix, I'm just wondering if maybe we let attrition thin the competition a little bit? My out-loud thinking was when we make a band conversion maybe it's time to lower the quotas that are licensed to help improve the financial strength of the ones that ARE.
 
What would be the legal definition of local programming? Assuming you arent bringing in the local bar bands to cover the Doobie Brothers, how often would a local announcer be required to speak and what would they be required to say?
 
I'm thinking it's basically what is provided now ... I just think there is a carve out necessary if you decide the spectrum opens up for equivalent of XM "carriers" (what Clear Channel is doing now basically) you have to say SOMEONE has to provide local info. In some markets that's probably minimal (e.g. morning news only, FOR EXAMPLE) ... others would WANT the local position in the majors with all-news, or at least traffic. I don't think we should MANDATE local content ... but I think the stations that step up to provide it might benefit from some kind of incentive that offsets their investment. Not sure what that is -- not thinking of a handout, but ????

I don't really have answers -- was just saying I think it's time to rethink what we envision the future of radio to be and start mapping a blueprint. It would not be all THAT much different than the way TV has evolved. There are usually a few "local" power houses ... and a bunch of network repeater type stations. Each has a different variety of overhead, and also a different variety of service level. Yet all seem to make SOME money at it. But in the end people don't flock to KSTW to get their flood coverage.
 
Eventually all you will hear on FM is talk. Talk sports and talk commentary. There are no royalties and this is efficient.
All music however, will be found on the internet via audio streaming. The biggest touchpoint to consider is that auto markers
are no longer going to put CD players in cars after 2013. It is coming big time.
 
LITTLEBOYBLUE said:
I'm thinking it's basically what is provided now ... I just think there is a carve out necessary if you decide the spectrum opens up for equivalent of XM "carriers" (what Clear Channel is doing now basically) you have to say SOMEONE has to provide local info. In some markets that's probably minimal (e.g. morning news only, FOR EXAMPLE) ... others would WANT the local position in the majors with all-news, or at least traffic. I don't think we should MANDATE local content ... but I think the stations that step up to provide it might benefit from some kind of incentive that offsets their investment. Not sure what that is -- not thinking of a handout, but ????

I don't really have answers -- was just saying I think it's time to rethink what we envision the future of radio to be and start mapping a blueprint. It would not be all THAT much different than the way TV has evolved. There are usually a few "local" power houses ... and a bunch of network repeater type stations. Each has a different variety of overhead, and also a different variety of service level. Yet all seem to make SOME money at it. But in the end people don't flock to KSTW to get their flood coverage.


Great post!
 
LITTLEBOYBLUE said:
Actually I'm ON the page that AM should die. If I had my druthers...we would go one-band digital (or just FM for interim) ... but my question is whether in this day we NEED 60 signals in each market? If you reserve "x" number that MUST do local programming....seems like it would still be viable. Been watching Canada for years (worked there too). In Calgary, for example...we once had about 5 signals ... only one was AM. As they have added and added ... what they have added is format redundancy, not necessarily better service. Fine under the old financial conditions...but when you get all the competing media technologies in the mix, I'm just wondering if maybe we let attrition thin the competition a little bit? My out-loud thinking was when we make a band conversion maybe it's time to lower the quotas that are licensed to help improve the financial strength of the ones that ARE.
That would have to be without a doubt the dumbest thing that could happen to the AM band! AM does pose advantages in certain situations! For example, lets suppose that a major disaster was to strike a certain region in the country and all the local media affiliates were to go off the air and the only way you were to receive news was from a distant source on AM. What do you do then? I remember when Hurricane Hugo his the lower eastern seaboard in 1989 many stations were knocked off the air and the only sources of information were form a handful of distant stations that were able to keep going. Had it not been for a station like WPDQ (now WOKV) and a few others, those that were in the path of that storm might not have gotten necessary information! Even WBT got knocked off IIRC. You can almost be guaranteed that virtually NO FM stations were available in the region to transmit during that ordeal!

I say the AM band is worth saving. It would behoove broadcasters to implement a better transmission standard with stereo, but it shouldn't be put out to pasture. I also think that some AM operations could serve an alternative audience and broadcast material that FM stations wouldn't touch with a 20' pole. Many such stations could survive not only on advertising, but on donations as well.
 
We're thinking in the wrong direction if we're thinking of losing the mediumwave band for broadcasting in North America. What we should be doing is pushing for the addition of longwave for broadcasting. Especially for providing emergancy coverage of large areas. Basically, you can cut your transmission power requirements by 90% if you cut your frequency in half. A 5kw station on 800 has the same coverage area as a 50kw station on 1600. And that same 5kw has a much larger coverage area at 400 and again at 200khz. A 32kw signal at 200khz has 8 times the coverage radius as a 50kw station on 800khz. 128kw has 16 times, and 512kw about 32 times. Think what we could do with a single 500kw signal originating from Yankton, SD.
 
al7mo said:
We're thinking in the wrong direction if we're thinking of losing the mediumwave band for broadcasting in North America. What we should be doing is pushing for the addition of longwave for broadcasting. Especially for providing emergancy coverage of large areas. Basically, you can cut your transmission power requirements by 90% if you cut your frequency in half. A 5kw station on 800 has the same coverage area as a 50kw station on 1600. And that same 5kw has a much larger coverage area at 400 and again at 200khz. A 32kw signal at 200khz has 8 times the coverage radius as a 50kw station on 800khz. 128kw has 16 times, and 512kw about 32 times. Think what we could do with a single 500kw signal originating from Yankton, SD.

You'd make the local power company very happy - for a couple of months until you file for bankruptcy. Nobody else would notice, let alone listen.

There has never been a longwave broadcasting service in North America. The number of LW receivers in the hands of the general public (not including hams and other hobbyists) is somewhere around zero. If there are no receivers, why bother with it as a broadcasting service - especially one using dead technology? Trying to resurrect MW broadcasting (BTW, those internationally-allocated frequencies WILL NOT be reassigned by the ITU because there is no reason to) has a better chance of success.

And why in the world would anyone listen to a longwave station in Yankton SD? Who would advertise on such a station? And who would be fool enough to build one? The tower and land costs alone for a single-tower facility at 250 kHz (remember how long a quarter wavelength is at this frequency) would be prohibitive. ::)
 
al7mo said:
We're thinking in the wrong direction if we're thinking of losing the mediumwave band for broadcasting in North America. What we should be doing is pushing for the addition of longwave for broadcasting. Especially for providing emergancy coverage of large areas. Basically, you can cut your transmission power requirements by 90% if you cut your frequency in half. A 5kw station on 800 has the same coverage area as a 50kw station on 1600. And that same 5kw has a much larger coverage area at 400 and again at 200khz. A 32kw signal at 200khz has 8 times the coverage radius as a 50kw station on 800khz. 128kw has 16 times, and 512kw about 32 times. Think what we could do with a single 500kw signal originating from Yankton, SD.

I'm not really sure why we need a 500kW Longwave station on 200 kHz out of Yankton, SD for anything but farm, feed and livestock reports. And maybe some classic Merle.

But when The Big One hits Puget Sound, news won't travel out so fast when cell towers have fallen, satellite dishes need to be powered and possibly readjusted and telephone poles/underground fiber-optic connections have been fallen/severed. And time is LIVES SAVED. So it's actually better to have local radio. And preferably live. Because you never know if the EAS will work like they say it will and I kinda think it might be really hard to hear the radio the same way again if the next thing out of the jock's mouth is something about Nicki Minaj's hair as you look out your shattered window at the burning remains of your leveled city.......
 
The example of a 500Kw station located at Yankton was because of what the ground conductivity is like in that part of the country. Essentially, 500Kw from a single tower at Yankton would provide a .5 to a 2microvolt level daytime groundwave signal from the Canadian border south to below Dallas-Fort Worth, east to Chicagoland and west to the Rockies. Effective nighttime coverage would probably be not much greater due to the higher static noise level down that low.

With respect to the cost of the tower, you can build the ground system and tower at 200 to 250khz for around $1,000,000, or around what it would cost you to build a 500 meter+ tall tower in flat country for a full C class FM operation. As to power, when you have one such station covering that much territory, it's replacing a lot of other transmitters, so it might be possible to bring the operational costs down to a reasonable level when compared to other alternatives.

And with the low number of LW capable receivers right now (I only have two), it's sort of like HD capable receivers. Who's going to buy one until there's something there to hear. It's figuring out what would be the best use of such a station that's the trick - do we go with an NPR station that doesn't need sponsors intially? Do we run a simulcast of an existing station (owned by someone with vision and very very deep pockets), or do we put the very next fad in formats on it (a la top 40 radio in the 50's)?
 
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