What do you mean by cultural in the examples above? I understand religious groups seeking every venue to reach people no matter how few. But which cultural groups would find AM of interest to them still?Elsewhere, AM is disappearing. In Quito, Ecuador there were 40 AM stations when I put my first on one the air in 1964. Now, there are about 12 that are still on the air regularly, and half of those are cultural or religious. San Salvador had about 30 AM stations, and now there are around 10, all either government or religious.
Mexico's legislative body declared that AM was dead and proceeded to allow for lesser second adjacent channel FM separation so that about 80% of existing AMs could move to FM. In a couple of Mexican states, all the existing AMs moved to FM (some AM channels were relicensed, particularly to cultural groups or to rural locations where one of the hundred or so indigenous languages and dialects is spoken).
How effective are they at that? Assuming there were no jamming, are any of the southern or especially Floridian AMs physically able to get their signals that far across the water into Cuba during the daytime, or do Cubans only hear us via skywave after sunset?Even Cuba has moved most listening to FM, but they keep the nearly 200 AMs on the air to block foreign stations from being heard.
There's another one near me on 104.7 in Walnut, California. But I have never been sure what's going on with it. Half the time I pass by their frequency, they are broadcasting dead air -- including right now.While the Hispanic Spanish dominant audience in each market is generally of one single region with a similar dialect, Asians come from many nations, each with one or more languages. That makes it hard to build a big enough audience to justify a full FM signal. Still, when one group is concentrated in a smaller area, we see Class A FMs serving them, such as the Vietnamese language station in Santa Ana, CA.
Thanks for the run-down on the AM situation down south.