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AM proc how to do it

I’m not a technician by trade; but I have held the license for two AMs in the past, and was the guy that engineers always made time for and enjoyed working with. Unlike many of the more-demure owners who preferred “patch-ups and twisty-ties”, I seldom lost sleep over paying for a well-engineered plant. Although there were two FMs in house – I refused to consider AM as an afterthought!

I’ll recall a recent exchange here with another AM radio “war-horse”...

hipporadio said:
Cary Pall said:
...we brought in NBC AM engineer John Bailie from WMAQ... Jim Loupas at WCFL... along with the greatest AM antenna engineer of all time, Harv Rees...

[size=10pt]You’ve just tagged the “Trinity” of AM engineering, Cary! All TOO often. TOO many marvel at their Star Trek-ish Omnia AM box firing a reasonably-modern rig – and think they have all the bases covered. TISK-TISK! [Recalling a political statement regarding the economy] “IT’S THE ANTENNA, STUPID!” I was fortunate to have a contract engineer [a Harv Rees “disciple”] who worked with me on an AM upgrade in the early-90s that preceded a flip from “AM Only” [off the bird] to locally-programmed Oldies. NO transmission hardware [with circuit boards] changed... NOT our stack of CRL components fed via carefully-equalized Telco by an Aphex Compellor – NOT our impeccably-maintained decade-old 1kw Harris MW-1 rig. Save the original steel on the tower, the antenna was completely rebuilt... New Andrew line; a custom-designed folded uni-pole skirt [designed to achieve “flat” system impedance/bandwidth and low J-factor [not the mythical increase in field-strength]; and a HOME-BREWED antenna ATU in a new Kintronics box – literally built on the floor of our AM control room. Oh what a beautiful sight that finished box with its shiny-new Delta base-current meter was to behold! ‘Shame it lived behind an eight-foot stockade fence to keep people and grazing cattle at bay. While the prior facility sounded good and coverage was a bit beyond the norm – we were entertained by the challenge to be better... The result was MUCH BETTER! Audio quality, density, and “impact” were off-the-scale [causing one to fondly-appreciate his choice of the radio profession]. The 180-watt [ND] night signal bettered the heritage AM in town with 500-watts [DA] at night – and they paid dearly for it come acquisition time ;D

You may rest assured that Jim Loupas’ fame wasn't formed by the likes of a digital "all-in-wonder-box” with Omnia or Optimod nameplates. In fact, Mr Loupas’ early secret weapon was rumored to be the little-known and costly Gregg Labs MAP box you mentioned. Many of his “ilk” were fans of the UREI “Modulimiter” and early Pacific Recorder MAP [which was a UREI re-brand]. On our stations; one used a CRL stack [minus the first-stage “Pre-Proc” chassis which was a somewhat unimpressive AGC by comparison] – the other had an Optimod 9100. Both produced fine results – the Orban was more versatile and dense, but I slightly favored the sound of the CRL gear – brighter and more “airy”.

Common to both was the Aphex Compellor at the front end. I cannot stress more diligently the positive difference this often-confused “production AGC” will make in both AM and FM air-chains! It is quite simply THE BEST “careful hand on the pot” audio leveler ever made. A common misconception is to mistaken it as a compressor – technically it is [although not in the “effect” sense], but aurally it is much more agile and forgiving of stray levels – an absolute must if a multiband device is employed to enhance density. Its output is as natural and fatigue-free at 25db of gain-reduction as it is just “limping along” at 10db. The only difference is a desirable increase in the robust quality of the sound. If you run an automated or live-assist system, its capabilities will be even more appreciated. amfmsw seemed concerned that it is 25 year old technology... NOT SO – Aphex has modified its design no less than six times since the late 80s. The most recent version features discriminate leveling based on low-frequency content [a final nail in the “thump” coffin], and a version is available with D>A/A>D converters for use in a digital chain. Aphex feels [as I long have] that the very-best AGC processing is unique to the analog domain... Others must agree as this has been a very popular option. Many studios are trading their analog Compellors with one featuring the digital interface, so you may pick up the former in mint condition for a sweet price!
 
I'll second the comments regarding the Compellor. Wish I had one for my personal studio. Time to visit E-bay again, I guess. ;)

R
 
I have a love/hate relationship with the Compellor; mostly in how they are set up. I was reminded how good it can sound while transferring a nineteen year old aircheck. This station used a Compellor at the studio and an 8100 at the transmitter and sounded bigger than life; of course the CE worked for a Public Radio station so it was set to sound big and clean. But then again, the last full time on-air gig had a Compellor into a Omnia 6 and sounded like (insert expletive here). Both great sounding equipment but when set by a tone deaf idiot, what's the point?

Another set-up worth a mention was KFRC. During the early 80's they had a Urei 1178 and an Orban 290 enhancer at the studio and had a fat sound.

But the above post from the Cincinnati Radio Board says it all; IT'S THE ANTENNA STUPID! The goal is to have the transmitter believe it's feeding a dummy load.

As long as we're playing fantasy processing and if I were to do home brew processing on an AM, I'd use a Compellor or but if I could afford a DBX 160SL I'd go that route for initial AGC into a spice of reverb. As mentioned, I liked how the Tri-Maze sounded on WQEW but I'd disable its AGC or use its lightly and some kind of a peak limiter catch the spikes (too much limiting dulls the signal). I like to conveniently forget to comply to NRSC-2 but the commission might have a different opinion. I've never tried it in real life and it might sound like a mess but that's the fun part of home brew processing.

P.S.: How about some radio processing http://www.261.gr/vintage.html
 
Cool pictures! Thanks for sharing! 8)

R
 
Not to demean Harv rees,but i would have to add the late John Mulanney to the list of great AM engineers, the father of the folded unipole.He was my first AM consultant, did not work cheap,but was a gentleman and great engineer with many inventions to his credit.
 
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