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NAB asks for ATSC 3.0 mandate by 2030

Yeah, what else would you expect from an industry "news" site that caters to television broadcasters?
Well, true, but FWIW the article does a much better job than most of enumerating the supposed benefits of 3.0.

The impending consolidation frenzy will have to run its course before TV broadcasters get a firm grip on ATSC 3.0. Many decisions to make about what content goes on which signal.
 
I have already gone on the record at the FCC with my own comments, both as a OTA television viewer and a professional in a related broadcasting industry.

Here is the gist of my comments. I believe them to be very reasonable and consumer friendly while still giving the television station owner groups opportunities to monetize part of their signals:
  1. The .1 signal must be in the clear for any station owned by, or affiliated with, the major television networks. I have defined those as ABC, CBS, CW, Fox, NBC, PBS, Telemundo and Univision. (I excluded Ion and MyNetwork as the bulk of their schedules consist of what would otherwise be classified as syndicated off-network programs; Ion does carry some original programming, mainly sports, but not as a significant part of their schedule.)
  2. Any existing subchannel programming (e.g. diginets, leased access) provided under the ATSC 1.0 license must, if replicated on the 3.0 station, also be in the clear.
  3. No "certificate" shall be required to access unencrypted content. All transmitting and digital encoding equipment must be certified and confirmed to meet this requirement before being put into service.
  4. Other than leased subchannels, no service can begin operation as unencrypted and then converted to encryption at a later time. Any such encryption must be at the specific request of the subchannel licensee.
  5. None of these restrictions shall apply to non-television broadcast use of the allocated signals' frequency range.
I went into greater detail in my filing, of course, but perhaps this will give some suggestions as to what others might include in their own comments.
 
With all due respect, #1 sounds too much like compromising with an attacker who wants to hit you over the head with a snow shovel by asking him to hit you over the head with a regular-sized shovel instead.

I wouldn't be happy with anything less demanding than:

1. No channel or subchannel can be encrypted, ever, unless it is a completely commercial-free premium channel that collects subscription fees.

1b. Encrypted channels cannot collectively consume more than x% of the aggregate bandwidth available on the public VHF and UHF TV bands.

I won't claim I know what the magic x% value should be, but it definitely shouldn't be much higher than 10%. Given the exodus from linear to OTT VOD, something tells me there wouldn't be many companies interested in running commercial-free OTAs anyway besides uncut movie and sports channels.
 
We're not far off in our opinions. Pretty much everything I said in my FCC filing makes it pretty clear that only premium services could be encrypted.

Beyond that, I am not as worried, because I can't think of any commercially-supported diginets that would contract with a station for a subchannel that viewers couldn't access freely.

I also don't think there is going to be enough demand for encrypted OTA services to mandate a percentage limit. Just as cable ended up supplanting the original OTA subscription services, streaming is making cable pay TV shrink (which is why you see virtually all the major pay channels aggressively moving into streaming).

As long as they can't encrypt everything, or make that flaky internet "certificate" a stumbling block to the free content, I say let them have some of what they want, so they can see how wrong it was to ask when it fails to reap them the monetary benefits they think it will.
 
I think it's unfortunate that the encryption debate is getting in the way of what's otherwise some pretty usefully improved technology.

Contrary to some other posters here, I have considerable trouble with ATSC 1.0 signals in some markets as I travel. VHF is a particular challenge on indoor antennas on 1.0, but some markets are even difficult on UHF. My daughter lives in a part of Brooklyn that's badly shadowed from the Manhattan TV sites and I can't get the full market on an indoor antenna from her apartment, even out on her balcony.

I picked up an ATSC 3 tuner/recorder from Zapperbox earlier this year, and it's been a game changer as I travel. The ATSC 3 signals from 1WTC lock in at my daughter's place with relative ease. Same in other iffy markets like Las Vegas, where a lot of the stations have been on difficult VHF signals.

And that's not even getting into the prospects for 4K, UHD, enhanced audio and the other things 3.0 can do that 1.0 couldn't. 3.0 is also easy better for DTS technology that can allow stations to use same-channel boosters to fill signal holes.

I don't even find encryption to be much of a hassle with the Zapperbox. As long as it has a net connection when I do my initial channel scan (and I usually just tether it to my phone when I'm traveling for that), the channels using encryption can still be viewed even without a net connection. I can record them on the micro SD card in the box and keep those recordings indefinitely.

(If I really want to keep them somewhere external forever, I have a box I got from Amazon that will take an HDMI input and record MP4 to an output. Not strictly legal, but it works.)

None of this ultimately is going to matter, though, if TV manufacturers continue dropping 3.0 capabilities from their sets. I went shopping a few months ago for a new 65" set for my family room and not a single one at Costco had a 3.0 tuner. Until and unless that's fixed, it's going to be hard to imagine a world where broadcasters can envision turning off their 1.0 signals, even if they're 30 year old technology now.
 
None of this ultimately is going to matter, though, if TV manufacturers continue dropping 3.0 capabilities from their sets. I went shopping a few months ago for a new 65" set for my family room and not a single one at Costco had a 3.0 tuner. Until and unless that's fixed, it's going to be hard to imagine a world where broadcasters can envision turning off their 1.0 signals, even if they're 30 year old technology now.

And, given the heavy handed way the NAB and its member stations have behaved during this process, it is no surprise that the manufacturers are now saying "we refuse to play your game".

Which means the FCC will be forced to take into account the lack of consumer receivers (and by extension, consumer acceptance) and no mandate.

And that translates into Scott's being correct.
 
I think it's unfortunate that the encryption debate is getting in the way of what's otherwise some pretty usefully improved technology.
Do your tests indicate an improvement in fringe reception as well?

My folks ditched cable this year, and their antenna reception is spotty. At roughly 30 miles from the Indianapolis tower farms, I'd expect good reception with an outdoor antenna, but it just isn't so. If one of those Zapperboxes might help them watch NBC, ABC and FOX (it doesn't look like Indy has a CBS or PBS station in ATSC3 yet), I'd consider buying one for them.
 
I don't even find encryption to be much of a hassle with the Zapperbox. As long as it has a net connection when I do my initial channel scan (and I usually just tether it to my phone when I'm traveling for that), the channels using encryption can still be viewed even without a net connection.

Explain this to the person who's not steeped in the broadcast or technology businesses, like an elderly person who doesn't use technology beyond the basics if they can help it. "You have to get a cell phone, figure out how to turn on hotspot, connect your device to hotspot, do a scan, then turn off the hotspot, and hope you never have to scan again, or else you have to do all this stuff again for each scan." Versus the current method of "Scan the TV." And then explain to them that the encryption is why channel changes can take upwards of 10-12 seconds in some cases. And that once High Noon hits, a shadowy unaccountable non-governmental entity can shut off TV signals at will by revoking their signing certificates.

ATSC 3.0 is a really cool standard with lots of upsides, though the viewer really doesn't see or notice them for the most part. There's a ton of non-technical nonsense that's creating problems on top of that.

- Trip
 
Explain this to the person who's not steeped in the broadcast or technology businesses, like an elderly person who doesn't use technology beyond the basics if they can help it. "You have to get a cell phone, figure out how to turn on hotspot, connect your device to hotspot, do a scan, then turn off the hotspot, and hope you never have to scan again, or else you have to do all this stuff again for each scan." Versus the current method of "Scan the TV." And then explain to them that the encryption is why channel changes can take upwards of 10-12 seconds in some cases. And that once High Noon hits, a shadowy unaccountable non-governmental entity can shut off TV signals at will by revoking their signing certificates.

ATSC 3.0 is a really cool standard with lots of upsides, though the viewer really doesn't see or notice them for the most part. There's a ton of non-technical nonsense that's creating problems on top of that.

- Trip
Excellent points. I saw fybush's post late yesterday evening, and was too sleepy to respond at the time. (DRM encryption is a longstanding pet peeve of mine.) But you covered some of what I wanted to say, almost exactly the way I imagined saying it. Kudos.

Scott, you also mentioned using those black market HDMI to MP4 recorders for making permanent recordings not bound to particular DVRs, for example. Well, for one, that means I'm losing the power to record things without generational loss caused by transcoding. Considering how artifacty many over-the-air channels already are, I absolutely don't want more layers of visual grunge in my recordings. And what happens to those who don't know about these devices, or who is too skittish to be a "scofflaw?" The right to record clearly cannot belong exclusively to the well-informed and noncompliant. Most importantly, what happens when those devices get too popular and industry scare campaigns commence, splattering idiocies like "the digital analog hole" everywhere until the -- *rolls eyes* -- "crack downs" commence? If replacements become difficult or impossible to buy, are you and I sure that the ones we already bought will last forever? Are we sure that the Motion Picture Ass. of America won't combine their "crack downs" with Black Sunday revocation attacks against the models it discovered in the wild prior and reversed in its labs? Sigh.

Having to stake my right to record on a house of cards like a grey market device (not to mention going back to eating generational loss) is a total deal-killer for me, no matter how great ATSC 3.0's other improvements are. Too many things can go wrong to upset the availability of those products, and until that happens, I'm living with the constant dread of that moment's arrival. To me, a television dial infected with encryption for anything other than a few token premium services is indistinguishable from a CD library infected with the old Sony rootkit. It's a rotten orchard and I just won't eat from those apple trees.

Incidentally, this is about more than strictly preserving the right to record. There are also freedoms power users rely on that would be completely gutted by encryption. For instance, the Linux world often builds its own home theater PCs and DVRs using devices like the HDHomeRun. With one of those, I can tune any ATSC 1.0 channel I want with any HLS (m3u8) streaming aware hardware device or software player, and the HDHomeRun will stream it across my LAN without any transcoding or other quality losses whatsoever. Today, HLS awareness is basically in everything, and there are entire communities of people making elaborate projects with on-screen interfaces that beat the pants off commercial consumer DVRs. All these communities would be devastated by encryption. Even if such elaborate setups aren't your forte, owning an HDHomeRun makes it possible to simply do straight live viewing of ATSC television on any device without owning a television. Any computer VLC Player (among others) can run on, for example, can display live HDHomeRun streams. I personally used to use ffmpeg to record live ATSC broadcasts untranscoded to disk with batch scripts initiated by task manager to make scheduled recordings under Windows. And there are also, of course, GUI based software programs for making scheduled recordings from stream URLs. No need to be an ffmpeg "guru." (See http://info.hdhomerun.com/info/http_api for the details of how simple all this really is under the hood.)

Meanwhile, for non-power users, there are of course many DVR hardware devices (beyond just TiVo) these days that let you schedule and losslessly record, exporting all your recordings losslessly to portable media as desired. So you don't need to "hack" your TiVo anymore with tools like pyTivo to extract untranscoded copies of recordings. Grandma can now have quality recordings, with a plain set top box and an external hard drive.

And all this dies if encryption becomes the norm. The non-power users get forced into the scenario @tripinva outlined, and the power users lose their incredible world of novel viewing/scheduling/recording projects. They're reduced to making lower quality, hand-initiated MP4 recordings using grey market devices of uncertain future availability. Blah.

To end this little encryption rant, I really must emphasize that I want every one of the ATSC 3.0 features and improvements Scott mentioned. I consider them fantastic and desire them just as badly as all of you. They aren't negligible or trivial to me, and in a way, I consider ATSC 3.0 what ATSC 1.0 should have been from the beginning -- absent the crypto. But I simply can't and won't surrender the freedoms encryption would rob from me to get all those perks. If encryption ruins ATSC 3.0, I'll just stick with ATSC 1.0 for however long as it lasts, and then return to the high seas for whatever I want to "record." What's the difference between a grey market HDCP stripping dongle and a bittorrent client in a VPN, anyway?
 
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A lot of people never understood what the big deal was with Blu-ray (and HD-DVD), because to them, regular DVDs are widescreen, and widescreen = HD.

Tell them that ATSC 3.0 is better because it's 4K? "But I'm already watching all the channels on my 4K TV and they look fine."

What the industry must understand is that it's the technical/power users who understand the advantages of new formats like Bluray over DVD. Average people only see "killer app" aspects of new formats, like how DVD eliminated the need to rewind tapes and gave everyone menus, alternate audio tracks, and deleted scenes. But in cases where the improvements are subtler, it's always the power users in each family who find ways to explain to their "normal" relatives why they really need to upgrade to X. And if you anger and inconvenience that technically puritanical market segment with affronts like encryption, said power users never kick the proverbial snowball down the mountain that initiates the avalanche of consumption by everyday people. And your big new thing flops.

Think back to when the mass exodus happened from Internet Explorer to Firefox. It was because Internet Explorer was a magnet for exploits and malware, yes. But everyday people didn't begin adopting it until the power users, who were tired of cleaning their relatives' and friends' machines, began evangelizing it to them over Internet Exploder, which they had always been perfectly happy to use -- because a web page bezel is a web page bezel, right?
 
Excellent points. I saw fybush's post late yesterday evening, and was too sleepy to respond at the time. But you covered much of what I wanted to say, almost exactly the way I imagined saying it.
From another point of view: irrelevant points.

Almost no one has the means to record live TV anymore. You won't convince the general public, who hasn't had such a means since they mothballed their VCR, with the arguments you presented here. They may be right from a legalistic and/or technical sense, but technocrats have minimal influence in government.

Think back to when the mass exodus happened from Internet Explorer to Firefox.
And yet Firefox peaked at 25% or 30% market share (depending on the survey) 18 years ago, and then Chrome ate the world.
 
Almost no one has the means to record live TV anymore.

Don't assume there are fewer non-timeshift recordings happening today by percentage of linear TV users than yesterday.

Consider that during the reign of VHS, there were two types of recordists. One, the majority, used their VCRs' timers to time-shift things they intended to later tape over. They also occasionally made permanent recordings from the likes of HBO and pay-per-view.

The disappearance of recording devices from that demographic's livingrooms in favor of time-shifting DVRs and physical retail media, however, hasn't decreased the percentage of linear TV users who, previously using VHS machines. now use alternative means to preserve broadcast content that doesn't get [sufficiently timely] physical media releases. For them, there are multiple means easily obtainable, including for individuals with "Grandma tier" skillsets:

* As described earlier, HDHomeRuns for untranscoded streaming to a multitude of computer media player programs (see the HLS column here) and to capturing softwares like ffmpeg (skill range: intermediate to advanced, and widely available)

* Generic DVRs with built-in recording export functions, to which USB flash media and hard drives can be attached (easy and widely available)

* TiVo DVRs without export functions, that can be forced to give up their booty untranscoded using tools like pyTivo (advanced)

* Same as above, but by simply attaching a DVD-R recorder (easy and I believe a few models are still being sold)

* Several legacy TiVo models had optical drives that could burn your recordings to disc (easy but becoming rare IIRC)

* DVHS VCRs in the early days of digital cable could capture untranscoded MPEG transport streams from the FCC-mandated firewire ports on all cable DVRs and STBs, including from replays originating from those DVRs' internal hard drives (mostly now extinct)

* DVHS VCR emulation software (e.g. CapDVHS), enabling the capture of those DVR and STB firewire outputs with the simple click of a record button on a GUI interface (easy and still widely used to preserve worthwhile items on cable DVRs before clearing space)

* HDFury and like devices that strip HDCP from HDMI and output the program material to RCA connectors (popular years ago with people using PC video capture cards and DVD recorders without built-in ATSC tuners)

* Devices like the one @fybush mentioned that strip HDCP from HDMI and write MP4 files directly to onboard removable media

And yet Firefox peaked at 25% or 30% market share (depending on the survey) 18 years ago, and then Chrome ate the world.

Chrome overtook Firefox because Google did something that out-messaged every family nerd and power user on the planet. It put a free-to-itself advertisement for Chrome in the faces of billions -- on the front page of its web search engine -- insisting that Chrome was faster than Firefox. And unfortunately, it was. Gobs of people began rushing to mortgage their privacy in return for speed, and the rest was history.

If you can get ATSC 3.0 a permanent ad placement on the front page of https://www.google.com/, I am sure ATSC 3.0 televisions will begin populating and flying off the shelves of major retailers as well, despite its lack of promotion by encryption-disgruntled nerds and power users.
 
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Don't assume there are fewer non-timeshift recordings happening today by percentage of linear TV users than yesterday.
Oh, sure. Amateur archivists are enjoying a golden era with cheap tuners and cheap storage.
But you're describing a hobby which has no impact on the enjoyment of television by ordinary consumers, and a hobby which has limited to no lobbying power before the FCC.

The grandmas who used their VCR to time-shift "The Young and the Restless" a couple hours later so they could go to their aerobics class at 1pm provided the political pressure to make that hobby legal, and they basically don't exist anymore.

* Generic DVRs with built-in recording export functions, to which USB flash media and hard drives can be attached (easy and widely available)
I actually have one of these "generic" DVRs. I'd dispute both points, really. The one I bought was from Big Lots. When I got it set up, it wouldn't play its own recordings, and there was basically no troubleshooting info in the manual, so it hasn't been used.

There is another model listed in stock at my nearby Walmart store (Core Innovations CTCB105). Its rating on Walmart.com is 3.4 stars out of 5, which is firmly in the "DO NOT BUY" range for me. A product class with one representative with very poor reviews in a big box store doesn't seem all that widely available.
 
The grandmas who used their VCR to time-shift "The Young and the Restless" a couple hours later so they could go to their aerobics class at 1pm provided the political pressure to make that hobby legal, and they basically don't exist anymore.

To this day, and under other circumstances I would fall into the "grandpa" demographic, I have a dedicated VCR, connected to an outdoor antenna, on which I can record VHS tapes of local broadcasts, run through a digital converter box (actually two), to pick up broadcasts I might wish to save for later. It's pretty basic, and granted, only delivers analog-type quality, but it does what I need a recording device to do, without all the rigmarole of having to go through my ZapperBox and ensure I have enough storage space, and make sure I have everything set up correctly.

I have several VCRs and I take good care of them, they should last me for years before the last one finally dies. I'll probably cross the rainbow bridge before they do. I have a massive collection of VHS tapes and I need a way to watch them.
 
I have always liked this guy's YT videos. He does his homework, he speaks in plain English when explaining to the uninitiated, and he is generally right on the mark with his conclusions. He reads the consumer market well.

Of course, by now the NAB probably wishes he would STFU.
 
Excellent reporting by Tyler the Antenna Man, as usual.

One of the most prescient points he makes on the TV cartel's strongarm tactics for an FCC-mandated transition to ATSC 3.0, with its A3SA-enforced DRM encryption, is this:

Forcing TV manufacturers to install 3.0 tuners, with the required hassle and expense of DRM certification, might result in a shift to "Smart Monitors," where digital tuners are omitted from TVs entirely to save money. This is a real possibility, and broadcasters need to be careful what they wish for.
 


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