Lazy J said:
Running a station is all about cost. Transmitters all cost the same whether it's for Vegas or Po-dunk. Transmitter sites, studios, electric bills, and staff (for the most part) all cost the same.
Nope. Transmitter sites are real estate, and real estate prices are very market dependent. An LA FM station might spend hundreds of thousands a year on site rental, while one in Cedar City, UT might buy a location for raw land prices and have no cost but the property tax. Utilities depend on the electric company, and salaries tend to be much lower in small markets than big ones. Insurance, property, vehicle and liability, will be lower in smaller markets as a rule.
The only major difference is the cost of the license.
The bigger the market, the higher the billing. So stations pay for better talent and do petter promotion and marketing to get the biggest share possible.
Most stations that are struggling are doing so because they over-paid for the license and they can't make the payments to the investors.
Investors don't have a god-given right to payments. The lenders, on the other hand, do. But high prices for stations were dependent on not the license but the operation... which is why calculations were based on multiples of cash flow, and non-cashflowers were priced at "stick value" much like a vacant lot.
It's not that they aren't making money, it's that they have too much debt and impatient investors. Dallas, TX has almost 90 stations (AM and FM) in it's market.
Dallas has 71 stations licensed to the MSA, Las Vegas has 43.
But Dallas has 40 FMs and LV has 29. Dallas has 28 viable stations, Las Vegas has 19.
Dallas has more than 4 times the radio dollars, and over 3 times the population, but only 50% more viable stations.
LV is over-radioed, and has a much weaker economy with little diversification.
There is plenty of "Advertising Pie" to go around, but your stomach is too big, so you still feel hungry. a.k.a Bad Business Model.
At some point the cost of operating a competitive facility exceeds the share of market revenue you can get. This happens first with bad AM signals (meaning nearly all of them) and rimshot FMs. No business model (and "business models" are closely related to crystal balls and Miss Cleo) can compensate for the economic downturn when it comes to non-viable signals.