XCountry285 said:
How does a new station be put onto the air at a new frequency not yet in that market then?
You can't, there are no usable new frequencies not yet in that market.
- Frequencies below 92MHz: not usable for commercial stations. (WNYZ 87.9 is not a radio station,* so the non-commercial limitation doesn't apply)
- 92.3/93.1/93.9/94.7/95.5/96.3/97.1/97.9/98.7/99.5/100.3/101.1/101.9/102.7/103.5/104.3/105.1/105.9/106.7/107.5: not usable at any site within 143km of the Empire State Building. (or the Newark site of 94.7)
- Frequencies adjacent to the above: (92.1/92.5/92.9/93.3/93.7/94.1/etc...) not usable at any site within 96km of the Empire State Building.
- The protected coverage area of a Class B station (most powerful station possible in the Northeast) is 65km.
- Thus, any station on 92.1/92.3/92.5/92.9/93.1/93.3/... above cannot provide an interference-protected signal to NYC, it would have to be too far away.
- 92.7/93.5/94.3/95.9/96.7/98.3/102.3/103.1/103.9/105.5/106.3/107.1: Must be at least 92km away from the nearest other station on the same frequency.
- 95.1/97.5/99.1/99.9/100.7/101.5/104.7/107.9: Must be at least 143km away from the nearest other station on the same frequency.
These frequencies are off-limits for at least the reasons listed below:
92.7: WQBU Garden City (23km away)
93.5: WVIP New Rochelle (17km)
94.3: WJLK Asbury Park (58km)
95.1: WRKI Brookfield (95km) (Class B station, 143km separation required)
95.9; WFOX Norwalk (62km)
96.7: WCTZ Port Chester (25km)
97.5: WALK-FM Patchogue (81km) (Class B station, 143km separation required)
98.3: WMGQ New Brunswick (52km)
99.1: WAWZ Zarephath, NJ (52km) (Class B station, 143km separation required)
99.9: WEZN-FM Bridgeport (89km) (Class B station, 143km separation required)
100.7: WHUD Peekskill (66km) (Class B station, 143km separation required)
101.5: WKXW Trenton (79km) (Class B station, 143km separation required)
102.3: WSUS Franklin (64km)
103.1: WBZO Bay Shore (65km)
103.9: WFAS-FM Bronxville (17km)
104.7: WSPK Poughkeepsie (82km) (Class B station, 143km separation required)
105.5: WDHA-FM Dover (46km)
106.3: WKMK Eatontown (53km)
107.1: WXPK Briarcliff Manor (40km)
107.9: WEBE Westport (82km) (Class B station, 143km separation required)
(there may be other stations, not listed, that would also preclude the use of the above frequencies. I stopped looking when I found the first limiting facility.)
(for the tech heads: these minimum distance figures are from 73.215, for contour-protected short spacings.)
Anyway, I think I've shown above that there is no unused commercial frequency available for a new station that would provide an interference-protected signal across New York.
The math is a LOT more difficult in the non-commercial band but I think you can reasonably assume there are no available frequencies there either.
Translators are a completely different story.
* officially, WNYZ 87.9 is a low-power *TV* station.