It's complex. Both logically and mathematically. Part of it is water molecules condensing on smoke particles. There was a paper that explained that the index of refraction of smoke in the air has an "imaginary", complex, mathematical component which varies with frequency/wavelength. Differences in the index of refraction between two differing layers of air results in reflection off the interface between the two layers. AI, which is often suspect I agree, says smoke in the air affects communications. It happens with volcano eruptions also.