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VHF FM DX From Canadian Wildfire Smoke

Tropo from the heat wave. Usually, wildfire smoke doesn't cause long-range DX. Otherwise I'd have 400-mile tropo every late summer to Montana or whatever ;)
 
It's complex. Both logically and mathematically. Part of it is water molecules condensing on smoke particles. There was a paper that explained that the index of refraction of smoke in the air has an "imaginary", complex, mathematical component which varies with frequency/wavelength. Differences in the index of refraction between two differing layers of air results in reflection off the interface between the two layers. AI, which is often suspect I agree, says smoke in the air affects communications. It happens with volcano eruptions also.
 


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